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Recent studies have shown that heavy tails can emerge in stochastic optimization and that the heaviness of the tails have links to the generalization error. While these studies have shed light on interesting aspects of the generalization…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2023-02-14 Anant Raj , Melih Barsbey , Mert Gürbüzbalaban , Lingjiong Zhu , Umut Şimşekli

Stochastic gradient descent (SGD) is a simple and popular method to solve stochastic optimization problems which arise in machine learning. For strongly convex problems, its convergence rate was known to be O(\log(T)/T), by running SGD for…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2015-03-19 Alexander Rakhlin , Ohad Shamir , Karthik Sridharan

We consider a class of stochastic smooth convex optimization problems under rather general assumptions on the noise in the stochastic gradient observation. As opposed to the classical problem setting in which the variance of noise is…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2024-08-23 Sasila Ilandarideva , Anatoli Juditsky , Guanghui Lan , Tianjiao Li

Hierarchical optimization refers to problems with interdependent decision variables and objectives, such as minimax and bilevel formulations. While various algorithms have been proposed, existing methods and analyses lack adaptivity in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-27 Xiaochuan Gong , Jie Hao , Mingrui Liu

In this paper we study stochastic quasi-Newton methods for nonconvex stochastic optimization, where we assume that noisy information about the gradients of the objective function is available via a stochastic first-order oracle (SFO). We…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2017-05-23 Xiao Wang , Shiqian Ma , Donald Goldfarb , Wei Liu

An increasing number of studies have focused on stochastic first-order methods (SFOMs) under heavy-tailed gradient noises, which have been observed in the training of practical deep learning models. In this paper, we focus on two types of…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-07-18 Tianxi Zhu , Yi Xu , Xiangyang Ji

We establish maximal concentration bounds for the iterates generated by stochastic approximation algorithms with general step sizes, where the noise has a finite-state Markovian component plus a Martingale-difference component. When the…

Probability · Mathematics 2026-05-21 Shubhada Agrawal , Siva Theja Maguluri , Martin Zubeldia

Training instabilities such as loss spikes are frequently the result of stochastic gradient noise. Because of rare expressions in language training data, and multiple layer composition, the noise impact is heavy-tailed and survives…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-28 Zitao Song , Cedar Site Bai , Zhe Zhang , Brian Bullins , David F. Gleich

In this paper, we present convergence guarantees for a modified trust-region method designed for minimizing objective functions whose value and gradient and Hessian estimates are computed with noise. These estimates are produced by generic…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2023-07-04 Liyuan Cao , Albert S. Berahas , Katya Scheinberg

We consider an unconstrained continuous optimization problem where, in each iteration, gradient estimates may be arbitrarily corrupted with a probability greater than 1/2. Additionally, function value estimates may exhibit heavy-tailed…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-11-25 Katya Scheinberg , Miaolan Xie

This work provides a novel convergence analysis for stochastic optimization in terms of stopping times, addressing the practical reality that algorithms are often terminated adaptively based on observed progress. Unlike prior approaches,…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-07-17 Yasong Feng , Yifan Jiang , Tianyu Wang , Zhiliang Ying

The graduated optimization approach is a method for finding global optimal solutions for nonconvex functions by using a function smoothing operation with stochastic noise. This paper makes three contributions regarding graduated…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-27 Naoki Sato , Hideaki Iiduka

This paper considers the nonconvex nonsmooth problem in which the objective function is Lipschitz continuous. We focus on the stochastic setting where the algorithm can access stochastic function value evaluations with heavy-tailed noise,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-26 Zhuanghua Liu , Luo Luo

We study weighted Tikhonov regularization for large-scale linear discrete ill-posed problems with random noise. Under a polynomial upper-bound assumption on the generalized eigenvalues of the discrete forward operator, we derive stochastic…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2026-05-19 Duan-Peng Ling , Wenlong Zhang

Decentralized optimization is typically studied under the assumption of noise-free transmission. However, real-world scenarios often involve the presence of noise due to factors such as additive white Gaussian noise channels or…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2023-07-28 Suhail M. Shah , Raghu Bollapragada

We present two easy-to-implement gradient-free/zeroth-order methods to optimize a stochastic non-smooth function accessible only via a black-box. The methods are built upon efficient first-order methods in the heavy-tailed case, i.e., when…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2023-08-25 Nikita Kornilov , Alexander Gasnikov , Pavel Dvurechensky , Darina Dvinskikh

In this study, we revisit the convergence of AdaGrad with momentum (covering AdaGrad as a special case) on non-convex smooth optimization problems. We consider a general noise model where the noise magnitude is controlled by the function…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2024-09-16 Yusu Hong , Junhong Lin

In this paper, we provide novel tail bounds on the optimization error of Stochastic Mirror Descent for convex and Lipschitz objectives. Our analysis extends the existing tail bounds from the classical light-tailed Sub-Gaussian noise case to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-12-13 Khaled Eldowa , Andrea Paudice

A growing lesson from neural network optimization is that optimizer design should respect how the model is parametrized. Scale-invariant methods become important because their normalized layerwise updates can not only support hyperparameter…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2026-05-19 Jiayu Zhang , Tianyi Lin

We study fundamental limits of first-order stochastic optimization in a range of nonconvex settings, including L-smooth functions satisfying Quasar-Convexity (QC), Quadratic Growth (QG), and Restricted Secant Inequalities (RSI). While the…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-06-03 El Mehdi Saad , Wei-Cheng Lee , Francesco Orabona
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