Related papers: Subsquares in random Latin squares and rectangles

A Latin square is an $n$ by $n$ grid filled with $n$ symbols so that each symbol appears exactly once in each row and each column. A transversal in a Latin square is a collection of cells which do not share any row, column, or symbol. This…

This paper deals with distinct computational methods to enumerate the set $\mathrm{PLR}(r,s,n;m)$ of $r \times s$ partial Latin rectangles on $n$ symbols with $m$ non-empty cells. For fixed $r$, $s$, and $n$, we prove that the size of this…

We discuss the problem of existence of latin squares without a substructure consisting of six elements $(r_1,c_2,l_3)$, $(r_2,c_3,l_1)$, $(r_3,c_1,l_2)$, $(r_2,c_1,l_3)$, $(r_3,c_2,l_1)$, $(r_1,c_3,l_2)$. Equivalently, the corresponding…

A critical set in an $n \times n$ array is a set $C$ of given entries, such that there exists a unique extension of $C$ to an $n\times n$ Latin square and no proper subset of $C$ has this property. The cardinality of the largest critical…

In 1782, Euler conjectured that no Latin square of order $n\equiv 2\; \textrm{mod}\; 4$ has a decomposition into transversals. While confirmed for $n=6$ by Tarry in 1900, Bose, Parker, and Shrikhande constructed counterexamples in 1960 for…

An array is row-Latin if no symbol is repeated within any row. An array is Latin if it and its transpose are both row-Latin. A transversal in an $n\times n$ array is a selection of $n$ different symbols from different rows and different…

Two Latin squares of order $n$ are $r$-orthogonal if, when superimposed, there are exactly $r$ distinct ordered pairs. The spectrum of all values of $r$ for Latin squares of order $n$ is known. A Latin square $A$ of order $n$ is…

A Latin square of order $n$ is an $n\times n$ array which contains $n$ distinct symbols exactly once in each row and column. We define the adjacent distance between two adjacent cells (containing integers) to be their difference modulo $n$,…

A quantum Latin square of order $n$ (denoted as QLS$(n)$) is an $n\times n$ array whose entries are unit column vectors from the $n$-dimensional Hilbert space $\mathcal{H}_n$, such that each row and column forms an orthonormal basis. Two…

In a latin square of order $n$, a near transversal is a collection of $n-1$ cells which intersects each row, column, and symbol class at most once. A longstanding conjecture of Brualdi, Ryser, and Stein asserts that every latin square…

This paper provides an in-depth analysis of how computational algebraic geometry can be used to deal with the problem of counting and classifying $r\times s$ partial Latin rectangles based on $n$ symbols of a given size, shape, type or…

We demonstrate a novel approach for the random sampling of Latin squares of order~$n$ via probabilistic divide-and-conquer. The algorithm divides the entries of the table modulo powers of $2$, and samples a corresponding binary contingency…

A (partial) Latin square is a table of multiplication of a (partial) quasigroup. Multiplication of a (partial) quasigroup may be considered as a set of triples. We give a necessary and sufficient condition when a set of triples is a…

A Latin square of order $n$ is an $n \times n$ array filled with $n$ symbols such that each symbol appears only once in every row or column and a transversal is a collection of cells which do not share the same row, column or symbol. The…

It is shown that if $F$ denotes the number of filled cells in a superimposed pair of maximal orthogonal partial Latin squares of order $n$, then $F\ge n^2/3$. This resolves a conjecture raised in an earlier paper by the current authors. It…

We are seeking a sufficient condition that forces a transversal in a generalized Latin square. A generalized Latin square of order $n$ is equivalent to a proper edge-coloring of $K_{n,n}$. A transversal corresponds to a multicolored perfect…

We consider the problem of constructing Latin cubes subject to the condition that some symbols may not appear in certain cells. We prove that there is a constant $\gamma > 0$ such that if $n=2^k$ and $A$ is $3$-dimensional $n\times n\times…

Let m and n be integers, $2 \leq m \leq n$. An m by n array consists of mn cells, arranged in m rows and n columns, and each cell contains exactly one symbol. A transversal of an array consists of m cells, one from each row and no two from…

A Latin tableau of shape $\lambda$ and type $\mu$ is a Young diagram of shape $\lambda$ in which each box contains a single positive integer, with no repeated integers in any row or column, and the $i$th most common integer appearing…

A $k$-plane of a $d$-dimensional array is a subarray formed by fixing $d-k$ coordinates and allowing the remaining $k$ coordinates to vary freely. A Latin hypercube of dimension $d$ and order $n$ is an $n\times n\times\cdots\times n$ array…