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Related papers: Structure of universal formulas

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The purpose of this article is to develop a machinery to study the capacity of deep neural networks (DNNs) to approximate high-dimensional functions. In particular, we show that DNNs have the expressive power to overcome the curse of…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2026-04-30 Pierfrancesco Beneventano , Patrick Cheridito , Robin Graeber , Arnulf Jentzen , Benno Kuckuck

We study the family of functions that are represented by a linear convolutional neural network (LCN). These functions form a semi-algebraic subset of the set of linear maps from input space to output space. In contrast, the families of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-06-09 Kathlén Kohn , Thomas Merkh , Guido Montúfar , Matthew Trager

In this chapter we take a look at the universal approximation question for stochastic feedforward neural networks. In contrast to deterministic networks, which represent mappings from a set of inputs to a set of outputs, stochastic networks…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-10-23 Thomas Merkh , Guido Montúfar

One of the reasons why many neural networks are capable of replicating complicated tasks or functions is their universal property. Though the past few decades have seen tremendous advances in theories of neural networks, a single…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-05-09 Tan Bui-Thanh

In this review paper, we give a comprehensive overview of the large variety of approximation results for neural networks. Approximation rates for classical function spaces as well as benefits of deep neural networks over shallow ones for…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-07-10 Ingo Gühring , Mones Raslan , Gitta Kutyniok

Leveraging the infinite dimensional neural network architecture we proposed in arXiv:2109.13512v4 and which can process inputs from Fr\'echet spaces, and using the universal approximation property shown therein, we now largely extend the…

Functional Analysis · Mathematics 2024-06-14 Luca Galimberti

Several machine learning models are defined for inputs of any size, such as graphs with different numbers of nodes and point clouds containing varying numbers of points. The universality properties of such any-dimensional models remain…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-25 Shengtai Yao , Eitan Levin , Mateo Díaz

Landmark universal function approximation results for neural networks with trained weights and biases provided the impetus for the ubiquitous use of neural networks as learning models in neuroscience and Artificial Intelligence (AI). Recent…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2025-03-25 Ezekiel Williams , Alexandre Payeur , Avery Hee-Woon Ryoo , Thomas Jiralerspong , Matthew G. Perich , Luca Mazzucato , Guillaume Lajoie

The universal approximation property of various machine learning models is currently only understood on a case-by-case basis, limiting the rapid development of new theoretically justified neural network architectures and blurring our…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2020-12-01 Anastasis Kratsios

We propose a novel class of neural network-like parametrized functions, i.e., general transformation neural networks (GTNNs), for high-dimensional approximation. Conventional deep neural networks sometimes perform less accurately on…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2026-02-25 Xiaoyang Wang , Yiqi Gu

We analyze the universal approximation property of Kolmogorov-Arnold Networks (KANs) in terms of their edge functions. If these functions are all affine, then universality clearly fails. How many non-affine functions are needed, in addition…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Vugar Ismailov

A challenging problem in many modern machine learning tasks is to process weight-space features, i.e., to transform or extract information from the weights and gradients of a neural network. Recent works have developed promising…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-02-09 Allan Zhou , Chelsea Finn , James Harrison

In this article we identify a general class of high-dimensional continuous functions that can be approximated by deep neural networks (DNNs) with the rectified linear unit (ReLU) activation without the curse of dimensionality. In other…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2023-04-13 Adrian Riekert

Many practical problems need the output of a machine learning model to satisfy a set of constraints, $K$. Nevertheless, there is no known guarantee that classical neural network architectures can exactly encode constraints while…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-02-10 Anastasis Kratsios , Behnoosh Zamanlooy , Tianlin Liu , Ivan Dokmanić

This work introduces Bilinear Classes, a new structural framework, which permit generalization in reinforcement learning in a wide variety of settings through the use of function approximation. The framework incorporates nearly all existing…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-07-13 Simon S. Du , Sham M. Kakade , Jason D. Lee , Shachar Lovett , Gaurav Mahajan , Wen Sun , Ruosong Wang

In order to choose a neural network architecture that will be effective for a particular modeling problem, one must understand the limitations imposed by each of the potential options. These limitations are typically described in terms of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-10-02 Jesse Johnson

We propose semi-random features for nonlinear function approximation. The flexibility of semi-random feature lies between the fully adjustable units in deep learning and the random features used in kernel methods. For one hidden layer…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2017-11-22 Kenji Kawaguchi , Bo Xie , Vikas Verma , Le Song

It is well-known that neural networks are universal approximators, but that deeper networks tend in practice to be more powerful than shallower ones. We shed light on this by proving that the total number of neurons $m$ required to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-04-30 David Rolnick , Max Tegmark

In this paper we discuss the notion of universality for classes of candidate common Lyapunov functions of linear switched systems. On the one hand, we prove that a family of absolutely homogeneous functions is universal as soon as it…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2024-06-19 Paolo Mason , Yacine Chitour , Mario Sigalotti

Neural networks are powerful function estimators, leading to their status as a paradigm of choice for modeling structured data. However, unlike other structured representations that emphasize the modularity of the problem -- e.g., factor…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-06-20 Tsvetomila Mihaylova , Vlad Niculae , André F. T. Martins