Related papers: Batch effect correction with sample remeasurement …

Clinical machine learning applications are often plagued with confounders that are clinically irrelevant, but can still artificially boost the predictive performance of the algorithms. Confounding is especially problematic in mobile health…

Measurements are a vital part of any quantum computation, whether as a final step to retrieve results, as an intermediate step to inform subsequent operations, or as part of the computation itself (as in measurement-based quantum…

Consider sensitivity analysis for estimating average treatment effects under unmeasured confounding, assumed to satisfy a marginal sensitivity model. At the population level, we provide new representations for the sharp population bounds…

Marginal structural models fit via inverse probability of treatment weighting are commonly used to control for confounding when estimating causal effects from observational data. When planning a study that will be analyzed with marginal…

Before embarking on data collection, researchers typically compute how many individual observations they should do. This is vital for doing studies with sufficient statistical power, and often a cornerstone in study pre-registrations and…

Meta-analysis aims to combine effect measures from several studies. For continuous outcomes, the most popular effect measures use simple or standardized differences in sample means. However, a number of applications focus on the absolute…

A common issue for classification in scientific research and industry is the existence of imbalanced classes. When sample sizes of different classes are imbalanced in training data, naively implementing a classification method often leads…

Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) often suffer from limited inferential efficiency in estimating treatment effects due to their small sample sizes. In recent years, incorporating external controls (ECs) has gained increasing attention as…

The paper analyses the possibility to recover different biomedical signals if limited number of samples is available. Having in mind that monitoring of health condition is done by measuring and observing key parameters such as heart…

We provide an approach to exploratory data analysis in matched observational studies with a single intervention and multiple endpoints. In such settings, the researcher would like to explore evidence for actual treatment effects among these…

In covariate-adaptive or response-adaptive randomization, the treatment assignment and outcome can be correlated. Under this situation, re-randomization tests are a straightforward and attractive method to provide valid statistical…

Data imbalance is common in production data, where controlled production settings require data to fall within a narrow range of variation and data are collected with quality assessment in mind, rather than data analytic insights. This…

Identifying subgroups, which respond differently to a treatment, both in terms of efficacy and safety, is an important part of drug development. A well-known challenge in exploratory subgroup analyses is the small sample size in the…

For the last two decades, oversampling has been employed to overcome the challenge of learning from imbalanced datasets. Many approaches to solving this challenge have been offered in the literature. Oversampling, on the other hand, is a…

The determination of the sample size required by a crossover trial typically depends on the specification of one or more variance components. Uncertainty about the value of these parameters at the design stage means that there is often a…

Batch Normalization is quite effective at accelerating and improving the training of deep models. However, its effectiveness diminishes when the training minibatches are small, or do not consist of independent samples. We hypothesize that…

As the most important tool to provide high-level evidence-based medicine, researchers can statistically summarize and combine data from multiple studies by conducting meta-analysis. In meta-analysis, mean differences are frequently used…

Randomized Controlled Trials (RCTs) may suffer from limited scope. In particular, samples may be unrepresentative: some RCTs over- or under- sample individuals with certain characteristics compared to the target population, for which one…

In statistical exercises where there are several candidate models, the traditional approach is to select one model using some data driven criterion and use that model for estimation, testing and other purposes, ignoring the variability of…

To investigate intervention effects on rare events, meta-analysis techniques are commonly applied in order to assess the accumulated evidence. When it comes to adverse effects in clinical trials, these are often most adequately handled…