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Density estimation is a fundamental task in statistics and machine learning applications. Kernel density estimation is a powerful tool for non-parametric density estimation in low dimensions; however, its performance is poor in higher…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-08-08 Joseph A. Gallego , Fabio A. González

Markov Chain Monte Carlo approach is frequently used within Bayesian framework to sample the target posterior distribution. Its efficiency strongly depends on the proposal used to build the chain. The best jump proposal is the one that…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2023-02-01 Mikel Falxa , Stanislav Babak , Maude Le Jeune

We propose a novel method for density estimation that leverages an estimated score function to debias kernel density estimation (SD-KDE). In our approach, each data point is adjusted by taking a single step along the score function with a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-24 Elliot L. Epstein , Rajat Dwaraknath , Thanawat Sornwanee , John Winnicki , Jerry Weihong Liu

In recent years, kernel density estimation has been exploited by computer scientists to model machine learning problems. The kernel density estimation based approaches are of interest due to the low time complexity of either O(n) or…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2007-10-16 Yen-Jen Oyang , Darby Tien-Hao Chang , Yu-Yen Ou , Hao-Geng Hung , Chih-Peng Wu , Chien-Yu Chen

We introduce an alternative method for the calculation of sky maps from data taken with gamma-ray telescopes. In contrast to the established method of smoothing the 2D histogram of reconstructed event directions with a static kernel, we…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2024-01-30 M. Holler , T. Mitterdorfer , S. Panny

Kernel density estimation (KDE) is a popular statistical technique for estimating the underlying density distribution with minimal assumptions. Although they can be shown to achieve asymptotic estimation optimality for any input…

Computation · Statistics 2011-02-15 Dongryeol Lee , Alexander G. Gray , Andrew W. Moore

We propose a flexible method for estimating luminosity functions (LFs) based on kernel density estimation (KDE), the most popular nonparametric density estimation approach developed in modern statistics, to overcome issues surrounding…

Methodology · Statistics 2020-05-01 Zunli Yuan , Matt J. Jarvis , Jiancheng Wang

Kernel density estimators (KDEs) are ubiquitous tools for nonparametric estimation of probability density functions (PDFs), when data are obtained from unknown data generating processes. The KDEs that are typically available in software…

Computation · Statistics 2018-08-07 Andrew T. Jones , Hien D. Nguyen , Geoffrey J. McLachlan

This paper presents an intuitive application of multivariate kernel density estimation (KDE) for data correction. The method utilizes the expected value of the conditional probability density function (PDF) and a credible interval to…

Applications · Statistics 2025-09-19 Hai Bui , Mostafa Bakhoday-Paskyabi

We introduce kernel density machines (KDM), an agnostic kernel-based framework for learning the Radon-Nikodym derivative (density) between probability measures under minimal assumptions. KDM applies to general measurable spaces and avoids…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-03-27 Andrea Della Vecchia , Damir Filipovic , Paul Schneider

A Wishart kernel density estimator (KDE) is introduced for density estimation in the cone of positive definite matrices. The estimator is boundary-aware and mitigates the boundary bias suffered by conventional KDEs, while remaining simple…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-12-10 Léo R. Belzile , Christian Genest , Frédéric Ouimet , Donald Richards

We introduce \emph{topological density estimation} (TDE), in which the multimodal structure of a probability density function is topologically inferred and subsequently used to perform bandwidth selection for kernel density estimation. We…

Methodology · Statistics 2022-03-10 Steve Huntsman

In batch Kernel Density Estimation (KDE) for a kernel function $f$, we are given as input $2n$ points $x^{(1)}, \cdots, x^{(n)}, y^{(1)}, \cdots, y^{(n)}$ in dimension $m$, as well as a vector $v \in \mathbb{R}^n$. These inputs implicitly…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2024-07-03 Josh Alman , Yunfeng Guan

Learning probabilistic models that can estimate the density of a given set of samples, and generate samples from that density, is one of the fundamental challenges in unsupervised machine learning. We introduce a new generative model based…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-06-11 Siavash A. Bigdeli , Geng Lin , Tiziano Portenier , L. Andrea Dunbar , Matthias Zwicker

We introduce a new nonparametric density estimator inspired by Markov Chains, and generalizing the well-known Kernel Density Estimator (KDE). Our estimator presents several benefits with respect to the usual ones and can be used…

Methodology · Statistics 2020-09-15 Andrea De Simone , Alessandro Morandini

Kernel density estimation is a convenient way to estimate the probability density of a distribution given the sample of data points. However, it has certain drawbacks: proper description of the density using narrow kernels needs large data…

Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability · Physics 2015-02-27 Anton Poluektov

We derive concentration inequalities for the supremum norm of the difference between a kernel density estimator (KDE) and its point-wise expectation that hold uniformly over the selection of the bandwidth and under weaker conditions on the…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2020-01-01 Jisu Kim , Jaehyeok Shin , Alessandro Rinaldo , Larry Wasserman

Consistency of the kernel density estimator requires that the kernel bandwidth tends to zero as the sample size grows. In this paper we investigate the question of whether consistency is possible when the bandwidth is fixed, if we consider…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2017-05-30 Efrén Cruz Cortés , Clayton Scott

This study proposes a data condensation method for multivariate kernel density estimation by genetic algorithm. First, our proposed algorithm generates multiple subsamples of a given size with replacement from the original sample. The…

Methodology · Statistics 2022-03-04 Kiheiji Nishida

Given additional distributional information in the form of moment restrictions, kernel density and distribution function estimators with implied generalised empirical likelihood probabilities as weights achieve a reduction in variance due…

Methodology · Statistics 2019-10-08 Vitaliy Oryshchenko , Richard J. Smith