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Logical reasoning is a fundamental aspect of human intelligence and an essential capability for multimodal large language models (MLLMs). Despite the significant advancement in multimodal reasoning, existing benchmarks fail to…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-05-28 Jiakang Yuan , Tianshuo Peng , Yilei Jiang , Yiting Lu , Renrui Zhang , Kaituo Feng , Chaoyou Fu , Tao Chen , Lei Bai , Bo Zhang , Xiangyu Yue

Despite the advancements and impressive performance of Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) on benchmarks, their effectiveness in real-world, long-context, and multi-image tasks is unclear due to the benchmarks' limited scope. Existing…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-05-16 Dingjie Song , Shunian Chen , Guiming Hardy Chen , Fei Yu , Xiang Wan , Benyou Wang

Memory is essential for large vision-language models (LVLMs) to handle long, multimodal interactions, with two method directions providing this capability: long-context LVLMs and memory-augmented agents. However, no existing benchmark…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-15 Xiyu Ren , Zhaowei Wang , Yiming Du , Zhongwei Xie , Chi Liu , Xinlin Yang , Haoyue Feng , Wenjun Pan , Tianshi Zheng , Baixuan Xu , Zhengnan Li , Yangqiu Song , Ginny Wong , Simon See

Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) have gained significant attention recently, showing remarkable potential in artificial general intelligence. However, assessing the utility of MLLMs presents considerable challenges, primarily due to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-12 Dongping Chen , Ruoxi Chen , Shilin Zhang , Yinuo Liu , Yaochen Wang , Huichi Zhou , Qihui Zhang , Yao Wan , Pan Zhou , Lichao Sun

Despite the existence of various benchmarks for evaluating natural language processing models, we argue that human exams are a more suitable means of evaluating general intelligence for large language models (LLMs), as they inherently…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-11-13 Wenxuan Zhang , Sharifah Mahani Aljunied , Chang Gao , Yew Ken Chia , Lidong Bing

We introduce EQ-Bench, a novel benchmark designed to evaluate aspects of emotional intelligence in Large Language Models (LLMs). We assess the ability of LLMs to understand complex emotions and social interactions by asking them to predict…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-01-04 Samuel J. Paech

Chemical reasoning inherently integrates visual, textual, and symbolic modalities, yet existing benchmarks rarely capture this complexity, often relying on simple image-text pairs with limited chemical semantics. As a result, the actual…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-11-25 Zhiyuan Huang , Baichuan Yang , Zikun He , Yanhong Wu , Fang Hongyu , Zhenhe Liu , Lin Dongsheng , Bing Su

With the rapid advancement of Generative AI technology, Multimodal Large Language Models(MLLMs) have the potential to act as AI software engineers capable of executing complex web application development. Considering that the model requires…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-10 Zhiyu Lin , Zhengda Zhou , Zhiyuan Zhao , Tianrui Wan , Yilun Ma , Junyu Gao , Xuelong Li

Large Multimodal Models (LMMs) exhibit impressive cross-modal understanding and reasoning abilities, often assessed through multiple-choice questions (MCQs) that include an image, a question, and several options. However, many benchmarks…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-02-28 Jinsheng Huang , Liang Chen , Taian Guo , Fu Zeng , Yusheng Zhao , Bohan Wu , Ye Yuan , Haozhe Zhao , Zhihui Guo , Yichi Zhang , Jingyang Yuan , Wei Ju , Luchen Liu , Tianyu Liu , Baobao Chang , Ming Zhang

Large language models (LLMs) have become increasingly pivotal across various domains, especially in handling complex data types. This includes structured data processing, as exemplified by ChartQA and ChatGPT-Ada, and multimodal…

This paper introduces MMRefine, a MultiModal Refinement benchmark designed to evaluate the error refinement capabilities of Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs). As the emphasis shifts toward enhancing reasoning during inference,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-06 Gio Paik , Geewook Kim , Jinbae Im

Multi-table entity matching (MEM) addresses the limitations of dual-table approaches by enabling simultaneous identification of equivalent entities across multiple data sources without unique identifiers. However, existing methods relying…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-24 Yingkai Tang , Taoyu Su , Wenyuan Zhang , Xiaoyang Guo , Tingwen Liu

Large language models (LLMs) garner significant attention for their unprecedented performance, leading to an increasing number of researches evaluating LLMs. However, these evaluation benchmarks are limited to assessing the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-08-21 Yu Sun , Keyu Chen , Shujie Wang , Peiji Li , Qipeng Guo , Hang Yan , Xipeng Qiu , Xuanjing Huang , Dahua Lin

Automatic evaluation is an integral aspect of dialogue system research. The traditional reference-based NLG metrics are generally found to be unsuitable for dialogue assessment. Consequently, recent studies have suggested various unique,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-01-23 Chen Zhang , Luis Fernando D'Haro , Yiming Chen , Malu Zhang , Haizhou Li

Multimodal large language models (MLLMs) have demonstrated powerful capabilities in general spatial understanding and reasoning. However, their fine-grained spatial understanding and reasoning capabilities in complex urban scenarios have…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-25 Jun Zhang , Jie Feng , Long Chen , Junhui Wang , Zhicheng Liu , Depeng Jin , Yong Li

In an era defined by the explosive growth of data and rapid technological advancements, Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) stand at the forefront of artificial intelligence (AI) systems. Designed to seamlessly integrate diverse data…

Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) have made significant advancements, demonstrating powerful capabilities in processing and understanding multimodal data. Fine-tuning MLLMs with Federated Learning (FL) allows for expanding the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-11 Binqian Xu , Xiangbo Shu , Haiyang Mei , Guosen Xie , Basura Fernando , Jinhui Tang

Materials characterization is fundamental to acquiring materials information, revealing the processing-microstructure-property relationships that guide material design and optimization. While multimodal large language models (MLLMs) have…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-09-12 Zhengzhao Lai , Youbin Zheng , Zhenyang Cai , Haonan Lyu , Jinpu Yang , Hongqing Liang , Yan Hu , Benyou Wang

The ability to organically reason over and with both text and images is a pillar of human intelligence, yet the ability of Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) to perform such multimodal reasoning remains under-explored. Existing…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-01-10 Yunzhuo Hao , Jiawei Gu , Huichen Will Wang , Linjie Li , Zhengyuan Yang , Lijuan Wang , Yu Cheng

While Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) have exhibited remarkable general intelligence across diverse domains, their potential in low-altitude applications dominated by Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) remains largely underexplored.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-30 Shiqi Dai , Zizhi Ma , Zhicong Luo , Xuesong Yang , Yibin Huang , Wanyue Zhang , Chi Chen , Zonghao Guo , Wang Xu , Yufei Sun , Maosong Sun
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