Related papers: Thermal and electric field driven breakdown precur…
Understanding the underlying factors responsible for higher-than-anticipated local field enhancements that trigger vacuum breakdown on pristine metal surfaces is crucial for the development of devices capable of withstanding intense…
Vacuum breakdowns in particle accelerators and other devices operating at high electric fields is a common problem in the operation of these devices. It has been proposed that the onset of vacuum breakdowns is associated with appearance of…
While it is well established that elevated temperatures can induce surface roughening of metal surfaces, the effect of a high electric field on the atomic structure at ambient temperature has not been investigated in detail. Here we show…
The application of a high electrical field on metallic surfaces leads to the well described phenomena of breakdown. In the classical scenario, explosive electron emission (EEE), breakdown (BD) originates from an emitting site (surface…
In this work we show using atomistic simulations that the biased diffusion in high electric field gradients creates a mechanism whereby nanotips may start growing from small surface asperities. It has long been known that atoms on a…
By modifying and extending recent ideas [C. Seoanez et al., Europhys. Lett. 78, 60002 (2007)], a theoretical framework to describe dissipation processes in the surfaces of vibrating micro- and nanoelectromechanical devices, thought to be…
Heterogeneous catalysts consisting of supported metallic nanoparticles typically derive exceptional catalytic activity from their large proportion of under-coordinated surface sites which promote adsorption of reactant molecules.…
Melting is an everyday phase transition that is determined by thermodynamic parameters like temperature and pressure. In contrast, ultrafast melting is governed by the microscopic response to a rapid energy input and, thus, can reveal the…
This work is devoted to the investigation of the nonstationary problem of the thermal conductivity of a nanoemitter on the surface of a massive copper cathode when a field electron emission current passes through it. At the same time, the…
Nano-protrusion (NP) on metal surface and its inevitable contamination layer under high electric field is often considered as the primary precursor that leads to vacuum breakdown, which plays an extremely detrimental effect for high energy…
Sharp nanoscale tips on metal surfaces of electrodes enhance locally applied electric fields. Strongly enhanced electric fields trigger electron field emission and atom evaporation from the apexes of the nanotips. Combined together, these…
Under strong electric fields, an arc of strong current flowing through plasma can link two metal surfaces even in ultra high vacuum. Despite decades of research, the chain of events leading to vacuum arc breakdowns is hitherto unknown.…
Conditioning of a metal structure in a high-voltage system is the progressive development of resistance to vacuum arcing over the operational life of the system. This is, for instance, seen during the initial operation of radio frequency…
Plastic response due to dislocation activity under intense electric fields is proposed as a source of breakdown. A model is formulated based on stochastic multiplication and arrest under the stress generated by the field. A critical…
In order to understand the origin of high-temperature superconductivity in copper oxides, we must understand the normal state from which it emerges. Here, we examine the evolution of the normal state electronic excitations with temperature…
When an electron emitting tip is subjected to very high electric fields, plasma forms even under ultra high vacuum conditions. This phenomenon, known as vacuum arc, causes catastrophic surface modifications and constitutes a major limiting…
A mean-field theory which satisfying the electron on-site local constraint in the relevant regime of density for the high temperature superconductors is developed. Within this approach, the electron spectral function, the electron…
High magnetic fields can increase the occurrence of vacuum arcing, suggesting that both electric and magnetic fields can play a role in the vacuum arcing process. The mechanism of vacuum arcing in high magnetic fields is believed to involve…
We report an ultrafast electron diffraction study of silver nanocrystals under surface plasmon resonance excitation, leading to a concerted fragmentation. By examining simultaneously transient structural, thermal, and Coulombic signatures…
Fluid dynamics simulations of melting and crater formation at the surface of a copper cathode exposed to high plasma heat fluxes and pressure gradients are presented. The predicted deformations of the free surface and the temperature…