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Saddle points provide a hierarchical view of the energy landscape, revealing transition pathways and interconnected basins of attraction, and offering insight into the global structure, metastability, and possible collective mechanisms of…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2025-10-17 Baoming Shi , Lei Zhang , Qiang Du

Riemannian optimization has drawn a lot of attention due to its wide applications in practice. Riemannian stochastic first-order algorithms have been studied in the literature to solve large-scale machine learning problems over Riemannian…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2022-03-22 Bokun Wang , Shiqian Ma , Lingzhou Xue

Orthogonality constraints naturally appear in many machine learning problems, from principal component analysis to robust neural network training. They are usually solved using Riemannian optimization algorithms, which minimize the…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-08-08 Pierre Ablin , Simon Vary , Bin Gao , P. -A. Absil

A central challenge to many fields of science and engineering involves minimizing non-convex error functions over continuous, high dimensional spaces. Gradient descent or quasi-Newton methods are almost ubiquitously used to perform such…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2014-05-29 Razvan Pascanu , Yann N. Dauphin , Surya Ganguli , Yoshua Bengio

In recent years, stochastic variance reduction algorithms have attracted considerable attention for minimizing the average of a large but finite number of loss functions. This paper proposes a novel Riemannian extension of the Euclidean…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-06-03 Hiroyuki Sato , Hiroyuki Kasai , Bamdev Mishra

Several first order stochastic optimization methods commonly used in the Euclidean domain such as stochastic gradient descent (SGD), accelerated gradient descent or variance reduced methods have already been adapted to certain Riemannian…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-02-19 Gary Bécigneul , Octavian-Eugen Ganea

The natural gradient method is widely used in statistical optimization, but its standard formulation assumes a Euclidean parameter space. This paper proposes an inversion-free stochastic natural gradient method for probability distributions…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-04-06 Dario Draca , Takuo Matsubara , Minh-Ngoc Tran

Stochastic minimax optimization on Riemannian manifolds has recently attracted significant attention due to its broad range of applications, such as robust training of neural networks and robust maximum likelihood estimation. Existing…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2026-02-11 Hongye Wang , Chang He , Bo Jiang

We show that on the manifold of fixed-rank and symmetric positive semi-definite matrices, the Riemannian gradient descent algorithm almost surely escapes some spurious critical points on the boundary of the manifold. Our result is the first…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2022-06-13 Thomas Y. Hou , Zhenzhen Li , Ziyun Zhang

Randomly initialized first-order optimization algorithms are the method of choice for solving many high-dimensional nonconvex problems in machine learning, yet general theoretical guarantees cannot rule out convergence to critical points of…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2018-09-28 Dar Gilboa , Sam Buchanan , John Wright

Decentralized optimization on Riemannian manifolds is foundational for many modern machine learning and signal processing applications in which data are non-Euclidean and generated and processed in a distributed manner. Although intrinsic…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2026-03-19 Duc Toan Nguyen , César A. Uribe

In this paper, we give explicit descriptions of versions of (Local-) Backtracking Gradient Descent and New Q-Newton's method to the Riemannian setting.Here are some easy to state consequences of results in this paper, where X is a general…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2020-09-01 Tuyen Trung Truong

Gradient descent methods are fundamental first-order optimization algorithms in both Euclidean spaces and Riemannian manifolds. However, the exact gradient is not readily available in many scenarios. This paper proposes a novel inexact…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2024-09-18 Juan Zhou , Kangkang Deng , Hongxia Wang , Zheng Peng

The minimax optimization over Riemannian manifolds (possibly nonconvex constraints) has been actively applied to solve many problems, such as robust dimensionality reduction and deep neural networks with orthogonal weights (Stiefel…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-02-21 Xidong Wu , Zhengmian Hu , Heng Huang

We study the properties of stochastic approximation applied to a tame nondifferentiable function subject to constraints defined by a Riemannian manifold. The objective landscape of tame functions, arising in o-minimal topology extended to a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-13 Johannes Aspman , Vyacheslav Kungurtsev , Reza Roohi Seraji

A central challenge to many fields of science and engineering involves minimizing non-convex error functions over continuous, high dimensional spaces. Gradient descent or quasi-Newton methods are almost ubiquitously used to perform such…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2014-06-11 Yann Dauphin , Razvan Pascanu , Caglar Gulcehre , Kyunghyun Cho , Surya Ganguli , Yoshua Bengio

In this work, we analyze the global convergence property of coordinate gradient descent with random choice of coordinates and stepsizes for non-convex optimization problems. Under generic assumptions, we prove that the algorithm iterate…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2022-12-01 Ziang Chen , Yingzhou Li , Jianfeng Lu

This paper aims to investigate the distributed stochastic optimization problems on compact embedded submanifolds (in the Euclidean space) for multi-agent network systems. To address the manifold structure, we propose a distributed…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-10-28 Jishu Zhao , Xi Wang , Jinlong Lei , Shixiang Chen

Recently, the problem of local minima in very high dimensional non-convex optimization has been challenged and the problem of saddle points has been introduced. This paper introduces a dynamic type of normalization that forces the system to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2017-02-08 Armen Aghajanyan

Recent work has shown that stochastically perturbed gradient methods can efficiently escape strict saddle points of smooth functions. We extend this body of work to nonsmooth optimization, by analyzing an inexact analogue of a…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2021-06-21 Damek Davis , Mateo Díaz , Dmitriy Drusvyatskiy