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Safety-critical Autonomous Systems require trustworthy and transparent decision-making process to be deployable in the real world. The advancement of Machine Learning introduces high performance but largely through black-box algorithms. We…

Robotics · Computer Science 2022-12-02 Hongrui Zheng , Zirui Zang , Shuo Yang , Rahul Mangharam

Many of the computing systems programmed using Machine Learning are opaque: it is difficult to know why they do what they do or how they work. The Explainable Artificial Intelligence research program aims to develop analytic techniques with…

General Literature · Computer Science 2019-07-08 Carlos Zednik

Is explainability a false promise? This debate has emerged from the insufficient evidence that explanations help people in situations they are introduced for. More human-centered, application-grounded evaluations of explanations are needed…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-11-06 Fateme Hashemi Chaleshtori , Atreya Ghosal , Alexander Gill , Purbid Bambroo , Ana Marasović

Artificial Intelligence (AI) systems are increasingly deployed in legal contexts, where their opacity raises significant challenges for fairness, accountability, and trust. The so-called ``black box problem'' undermines the legitimacy of…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-14 Andrada Iulia Prajescu , Roberto Confalonieri

In the rapidly growing literature on explanation algorithms, it often remains unclear what precisely these algorithms are for and how they should be used. In this position paper, we argue for a novel and pragmatic perspective: Explainable…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-17 Sebastian Bordt , Eric Raidl , Ulrike von Luxburg

Smart home systems are gaining popularity as homeowners strive to enhance their living and working environments while minimizing energy consumption. However, the adoption of artificial intelligence (AI)-enabled decision-making models in…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2024-07-30 Md Shajalal , Alexander Boden , Gunnar Stevens , Delong Du , Dean-Robin Kern

A rich line of research attempts to make deep neural networks more transparent by generating human-interpretable 'explanations' of their decision process, especially for interactive tasks like Visual Question Answering (VQA). In this work,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2018-10-31 Arjun Chandrasekaran , Viraj Prabhu , Deshraj Yadav , Prithvijit Chattopadhyay , Devi Parikh

According to the latest trend of artificial intelligence, AI-systems needs to clarify regarding general,specific decisions,services provided by it. Only consumer is satisfied, with explanation , for example, why any classification result is…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-06 Rossi Kamal

This study explores the integration of contextual explanations into AI-powered loan decision systems to enhance trust and usability. While traditional AI systems rely heavily on algorithmic transparency and technical accuracy, they often…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-10-07 Allen Daniel Sunny

Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI) has become popular in the last few years. The Artificial Intelligence (AI) community in general, and the Machine Learning (ML) community in particular, is coming to the realisation that in many…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-24 Raymond Sheh , Isaac Monteath

European Law now requires AI to be explainable in the context of adverse decisions affecting European Union (EU) citizens. At the same time, it is expected that there will be increasing instances of AI failure as it operates on imperfect…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2019-08-28 J. L. Olds , M. S. Khan , M. Nayebpour , N. Koizumi

Transformer language models are state of the art in a multitude of NLP tasks. Despite these successes, their opaqueness remains problematic. Recent methods aiming to provide interpretability and explainability to black-box models primarily…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-03-14 Felix Friedrich , Patrick Schramowski , Christopher Tauchmann , Kristian Kersting

The adoption of intelligent systems creates opportunities as well as challenges for medical work. On the positive side, intelligent systems have the potential to compute complex data from patients and generate automated diagnosis…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2019-02-19 Yao Xie , Ge Gao , Xiang 'Anthony' Chen

Recent advancements in machine learning have emphasized the need for transparency in model predictions, particularly as interpretability diminishes when using increasingly complex architectures. In this paper, we propose leveraging…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-18 Chenrui Zhu , Louenas Bounia , Vu Linh Nguyen , Sébastien Destercke , Arthur Hoarau

Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI) techniques are frequently required by users in many AI systems with the goal of understanding complex models, their associated predictions, and gaining trust. While suitable for some specific tasks…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2023-03-22 Savio Rozario , George Čevora

Interpretable machine learning seeks to understand the reasoning process of complex black-box systems that are long notorious for lack of explainability. One flourishing approach is through counterfactual explanations, which provide…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-06-02 Vy Vo , Trung Le , Van Nguyen , He Zhao , Edwin Bonilla , Gholamreza Haffari , Dinh Phung

Artificial Intelligence has emerged as a useful aid in numerous clinical applications for diagnosis and treatment decisions. Deep neural networks have shown same or better performance than clinicians in many tasks owing to the rapid…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-11-05 Zohaib Salahuddin , Henry C Woodruff , Avishek Chatterjee , Philippe Lambin

Predictions obtained by, e.g., artificial neural networks have a high accuracy but humans often perceive the models as black boxes. Insights about the decision making are mostly opaque for humans. Particularly understanding the decision…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-01-21 Nadia Burkart , Marco F. Huber

In order to engender trust in AI, humans must understand what an AI system is trying to achieve, and why. To overcome this problem, the underlying AI process must produce justifications and explanations that are both transparent and…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2018-10-16 Rita Borgo , Michael Cashmore , Daniele Magazzeni

Computational argumentation offers formal frameworks for transparent, verifiable reasoning but has traditionally been limited by its reliance on domain-specific information and extensive feature engineering. In contrast, LLMs excel at…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-18 Stylianos Loukas Vasileiou , Antonio Rago , Francesca Toni , William Yeoh