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Task Incremental Learning (TIL) is a specialized form of Continual Learning (CL) in which a model incrementally learns from non-stationary data streams. Existing TIL methodologies operate under the closed-world assumption, presuming that…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-20 Yuhang Liu , Wenjie Zhao , Yunhui Guo

Out-of-distribution (OOD) detection is a critical requirement for reliable autonomous driving, where safety depends on recognizing road obstacles and unexpected objects beyond the training distribution. Despite extensive research on OOD…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-12 Zizhao Li , Zhengkang Xiang , Jiayang Ao , Joseph West , Kourosh Khoshelham

Unsupervised out-of-distribution (OOD) Detection aims to separate the samples falling outside the distribution of training data without label information. Among numerous branches, contrastive learning has shown its excellent capability of…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-02-07 Menglong Chen , Xingtai Gui , Shicai Fan

The accurate prediction of material properties is crucial in a wide range of scientific and engineering disciplines. Machine learning (ML) has advanced the state of the art in this field, enabling scientists to discover novel materials and…

Materials Science · Physics 2024-08-20 Qinyang Li , Nicholas Miklaucic , Jianjun Hu

Out-of-distribution (OOD) detection is critical for identifying test samples that deviate from in-distribution (ID) data, ensuring network robustness and reliability. This paper presents a flexible framework for OOD knowledge distillation…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-30 Zhilin Zhao , Longbing Cao , Yixuan Zhang , Kun-Yu Lin , Wei-Shi Zheng

The core of out-of-distribution (OOD) detection is to learn the in-distribution (ID) representation, which is distinguishable from OOD samples. Previous work applied recognition-based methods to learn the ID features, which tend to learn…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-04-12 Jingyao Li , Pengguang Chen , Shaozuo Yu , Zexin He , Shu Liu , Jiaya Jia

Detecting out-of-distribution (OOD) inputs is critical for safely deploying deep learning models in an open-world setting. However, existing OOD detection solutions can be brittle in the open world, facing various types of adversarial OOD…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-07-01 Jiefeng Chen , Yixuan Li , Xi Wu , Yingyu Liang , Somesh Jha

Deep Neural Networks for classification behave unpredictably when confronted with inputs not stemming from the training distribution. This motivates out-of-distribution detection (OOD) mechanisms. The usual lack of prior information on…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-03-02 Konstantin Kirchheim , Tim Gonschorek , Frank Ortmeier

Existing out-of-distribution (OOD) detectors are often tuned by a separate dataset deemed OOD with respect to the training distribution of a neural network (NN). OOD detectors process the activations of NN layers and score the output, where…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-06 Sudeepta Mondal , Xinyi Mary Xie , Ruxiao Duan , Alex Wong , Ganesh Sundaramoorthi

Out-of-distribution (OOD) detection is a rapidly growing field due to new robustness and security requirements driven by an increased number of AI-based systems. Existing OOD textual detectors often rely on an anomaly score (e.g.,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-02-22 Maxime Darrin , Guillaume Staerman , Eduardo Dadalto Câmara Gomes , Jackie CK Cheung , Pablo Piantanida , Pierre Colombo

When testing conditions differ from those represented in training data, so-called out-of-distribution (OOD) inputs can mar the reliability of learned components in the modern robot autonomy stack. Therefore, coping with OOD data is an…

In real world scenarios, out-of-distribution (OOD) datasets may have a large distributional shift from training datasets. This phenomena generally occurs when a trained classifier is deployed on varying dynamic environments, which causes a…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-09-08 Harshita Boonlia , Tanmoy Dam , Md Meftahul Ferdaus , Sreenatha G. Anavatti , Ankan Mullick

Detecting out-of-distribution (OOD) samples is essential when deploying machine learning models in open-world scenarios. Zero-shot OOD detection, requiring no training on in-distribution (ID) data, has been possible with the advent of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-04 Chentao Cao , Zhun Zhong , Zhanke Zhou , Yang Liu , Tongliang Liu , Bo Han

It is crucial to detect when an instance lies downright too far from the training samples for the machine learning model to be trusted, a challenge known as out-of-distribution (OOD) detection. For neural networks, one approach to this task…

Out-of-distribution detection is a common issue in deploying vision models in practice and solving it is an essential building block in safety critical applications. Most of the existing OOD detection solutions focus on improving the OOD…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-09-06 Tomas Vojir , Jan Sochman , Rahaf Aljundi , Jiri Matas

Out-of-distribution (OOD) detection is the key to deploying models safely in the open world. For OOD detection, collecting sufficient in-distribution (ID) labeled data is usually more time-consuming and costly than unlabeled data. When ID…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-09-19 Rundong He , Rongxue Li , Zhongyi Han , Yilong Yin

Deep neural networks (DNNs) perform well at classifying inputs associated with the classes they have been trained on, which are known as in distribution inputs. However, out-of-distribution (OOD) inputs pose a great challenge to DNNs and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-02-24 Guy Amit , Moshe Levy , Ishai Rosenberg , Asaf Shabtai , Yuval Elovici

To classify in-distribution samples, deep neural networks explore strongly label-related information and discard weakly label-related information according to the information bottleneck. Out-of-distribution samples drawn from distributions…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-08-29 Zhilin Zhao , Longbing Cao

Out-of-distribution (OOD) detection is critical to ensure the safe deployment of deep learning models in critical applications. Deep learning models can often misidentify OOD samples as in-distribution (ID) samples. This vulnerability…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-14 Sudarshan Regmi

Detecting out-of-distribution (OOD) data is crucial in real-world machine learning applications, particularly in safety-critical domains. Existing methods often leverage language information from vision-language models (VLMs) to enhance OOD…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-01-22 Shu Zou , Xinyu Tian , Qinyu Zhao , Zhaoyuan Yang , Jing Zhang