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Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) have achieved extraordinary performance in various application domains. To support diverse DNN models, efficient implementations of DNN inference on edge-computing platforms, e.g., ASICs, FPGAs, and embedded…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-12-15 Sung-En Chang , Yanyu Li , Mengshu Sun , Runbin Shi , Hayden K. -H. So , Xuehai Qian , Yanzhi Wang , Xue Lin

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable performance across various natural language processing (NLP) tasks. However, their deployment is challenging due to the substantial computational resources required. Power-of-two…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-17 Xinyu Wang , Vahid Partovi Nia , Peng Lu , Jerry Huang , Xiao-Wen Chang , Boxing Chen , Yufei Cui

Large language models (LLMs) show excellent performance but are compute- and memory-intensive. Quantization can reduce memory and accelerate inference. However, existing methods cannot maintain accuracy and hardware efficiency at the same…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-03 Guangxuan Xiao , Ji Lin , Mickael Seznec , Hao Wu , Julien Demouth , Song Han

Large language models (LLMs) face significant computational and memory challenges, making extremely low-bit quantization crucial for their efficient deployment. In this work, we introduce SDQ-LLM: Sigma-Delta Quantization for 1-bit LLMs of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-07 Junhao Xia , Ming Zhao , Limin Xiao , Xiujun Zhang

Federated learning (FL) is a decentralized approach, enabling multiple participants to collaboratively train a model while ensuring the protection of data privacy. The transmission of updates from numerous edge clusters to the server…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2024-08-20 Haowei Li , Weiying Xie , Hangyu Ye , Jitao Ma , Shuran Ma , Yunsong Li

Post-training model quantization is a widely adopted technique for reducing the memory and computational costs of large language models (LLMs). However, most existing methods rely on uniform or heuristic bitwidth assignments, failing to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-09 Chao Zhang , Li Wang , Samson Lasaulce , Merouane Debbah

Despite the growing interest in Small Language Models (SLMs) as resource-efficient alternatives to Large Language Models (LLMs), their deployment on edge devices remains challenging due to unresolved efficiency gaps in model compression.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-18 Jiacheng Wang , Yejun Zeng , Jinyang Guo , Yuqing Ma , Aishan Liu , Xianglong Liu

Large language models (LLMs) deliver strong performance, but their high compute and memory costs make deployment difficult in resource-constrained scenarios. Weight-only post-training quantization (PTQ) is appealing, as it reduces memory…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-09 Xianglong Yan , ChengZhu Bao , Zhiteng Li , Tianao Zhang , Shaoqiu Zhang , Ruobing Xie , Samm Sun , Yulun Zhang

Low-precision training is considered an effective strategy for reducing both training and downstream inference costs. Previous scaling laws for precision mainly focus on integer quantization, which pay less attention to the constituents in…

The rapid advancement of large language models (LLMs) has exacerbated the memory bottleneck due to the widening gap between model parameter scaling and hardware capabilities. While post-training quantization techniques effectively reduce…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-22 Fangxin Liu , Zongwu Wang , JinHong Xia , Junping Zhao , Shouren Zhao , Jinjin Li , Jian Liu , Li Jiang , Haibing Guan

Post-training quantization (PTQ) has emerged as a promising technique for mitigating memory consumption and computational costs in large language models (LLMs). However, a systematic examination of various quantization schemes, model…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-05-29 Zhewei Yao , Xiaoxia Wu , Cheng Li , Stephen Youn , Yuxiong He

Recently, considerable efforts have been directed towards compressing Large Language Models (LLMs), which showcase groundbreaking capabilities across diverse applications but entail significant deployment costs due to their large sizes.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-24 Yeonhong Park , Jake Hyun , SangLyul Cho , Bonggeun Sim , Jae W. Lee

Emergent Large Language Models (LLMs) use their extraordinary performance and powerful deduction capacity to discern from traditional language models. However, the expenses of computational resources and storage for these LLMs are stunning,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-25 Yifei Gao , Jie Ou , Lei Wang , Yuting Xiao , Zhiyuan Xiang , Ruiting Dai , Jun Cheng

Mixture-of-Experts Large Language Models (MoE-LLMs) achieve strong performance but incur substantial memory overhead due to massive expert parameters. Mixed-precision quantization mitigates this cost by allocating expert-wise bit-widths…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-25 Jianing Deng , Song Wang , Dongwei Wang , Zijie Liu , Tianlong Chen , Huanrui Yang , Jingtong Hu

Federated learning (FL) is an emerging learning paradigm without violating users' privacy. However, large model size and frequent model aggregation cause serious communication bottleneck for FL. To reduce the communication volume,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-11-11 Linping Qu , Shenghui Song , Chi-Ying Tsui

Large Language Models (LLMs) excel in NLP, but their demands hinder their widespread deployment. While Quantization-Aware Training (QAT) offers a solution, its extensive training costs make Post-Training Quantization (PTQ) a more practical…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-09 Jing Liu , Ruihao Gong , Xiuying Wei , Zhiwei Dong , Jianfei Cai , Bohan Zhuang

Large language models(LLMs) exhibit excellent performance across a variety of tasks, but they come with significant computational and storage costs. Quantizing these models is an effective way to alleviate this issue. However, existing…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-11-14 Baisong Li , Xingwang Wang , Haixiao Xu

This paper presents a comprehensive analysis of quantization techniques for optimizing Large Language Models (LLMs), specifically focusing on Post-Training Quantization (PTQ) and Quantization-Aware Training (QAT). Through empirical…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-11-12 Jahid Hasan

As large language models (LLMs) grow in parameter size and context length, computation precision has been reduced from 16-bit to 4-bit to improve inference efficiency. However, this reduction causes accuracy degradation due to activation…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-06-02 Janghwan Lee , Jiwoong Park , Jinseok Kim , Yongjik Kim , Jungju Oh , Jinwook Oh , Jungwook Choi

Recently years have witnessed a rapid development of large language models (LLMs). Despite the strong ability in many language-understanding tasks, the heavy computational burden largely restricts the application of LLMs especially when one…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-10-10 Yuhui Xu , Lingxi Xie , Xiaotao Gu , Xin Chen , Heng Chang , Hengheng Zhang , Zhengsu Chen , Xiaopeng Zhang , Qi Tian
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