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Benign overfitting, the phenomenon where interpolating models generalize well in the presence of noisy data, was first observed in neural network models trained with gradient descent. To better understand this empirical observation, we…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-04 Spencer Frei , Niladri S. Chatterji , Peter L. Bartlett

We prove that a randomly initialized neural network of *any architecture* has its Tangent Kernel (NTK) converge to a deterministic limit, as the network widths tend to infinity. We demonstrate how to calculate this limit. In prior…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2020-12-01 Greg Yang

This paper focuses on over-parameterized deep neural networks (DNNs) with ReLU activation functions and proves that when the data distribution is well-separated, DNNs can achieve Bayes-optimal test error for classification while obtaining…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-06-01 Zhenyu Zhu , Fanghui Liu , Grigorios G Chrysos , Francesco Locatello , Volkan Cevher

We perform an average case analysis of the generalization dynamics of large neural networks trained using gradient descent. We study the practically-relevant "high-dimensional" regime where the number of free parameters in the network is on…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2017-10-11 Madhu S. Advani , Andrew M. Saxe

Deep neural networks are known to exhibit a `double descent' behavior as the number of parameters increases. Recently, it has also been shown that an `epochwise double descent' effect exists in which the generalization error initially…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-08-30 Cory Stephenson , Tyler Lee

While deep learning has achieved remarkable success across a wide range of applications, its theoretical understanding of representation learning remains limited. Deep neural kernels provide a principled framework to interpret…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-11 Yong-Ming Tian , Shuang Liang , Shao-Qun Zhang , Feng-Lei Fan

This paper studies kernel ridge regression in high dimensions under covariate shifts and analyzes the role of importance re-weighting. We first derive the asymptotic expansion of high dimensional kernels under covariate shifts. By a…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2024-06-06 Yihang Chen , Fanghui Liu , Taiji Suzuki , Volkan Cevher

In this paper, we advance the understanding of neural network training dynamics by examining the intricate interplay of various factors introduced by weight parameters in the initialization process. Motivated by the foundational work of Luo…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-04-09 Yuqing Li , Tao Luo , Qixuan Zhou

The prevailing thinking is that orthogonal weights are crucial to enforcing dynamical isometry and speeding up training. The increase in learning speed that results from orthogonal initialization in linear networks has been well-proven.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-07-22 Wei Huang , Weitao Du , Richard Yi Da Xu

We study the multiple manifold problem, a binary classification task modeled on applications in machine vision, in which a deep fully-connected neural network is trained to separate two low-dimensional submanifolds of the unit sphere. We…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2021-05-07 Sam Buchanan , Dar Gilboa , John Wright

A convergence analysis is developed for the regularized Newton method for training neural networks (NNs) in the overparameterized limit. As the number of hidden units tends to infinity, the NN training dynamics converge in probability to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-21 Konstantin Riedl , Konstantinos Spiliopoulos , Justin Sirignano

Recent work has shown that training wide neural networks with gradient descent is formally equivalent to computing the mean of the posterior distribution in a Gaussian Process (GP) with the Neural Tangent Kernel (NTK) as the prior…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-09-11 Sergio Calvo-Ordoñez , Konstantina Palla , Kamil Ciosek

Graph neural networks (GNNs) achieve remarkable performance in graph machine learning tasks but can be hard to train on large-graph data, where their learning dynamics are not well understood. We investigate the training dynamics of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-06-02 Sanjukta Krishnagopal , Luana Ruiz

In this article a surprising result is demonstrated using the neural tangent kernel. This kernel is defined as the inner product of the vector of the gradient of an underlying model evaluated at training points. This kernel is used to…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-04-14 Matt Calder

We perform a careful, thorough, and large scale empirical study of the correspondence between wide neural networks and kernel methods. By doing so, we resolve a variety of open questions related to the study of infinitely wide neural…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-09-09 Jaehoon Lee , Samuel S. Schoenholz , Jeffrey Pennington , Ben Adlam , Lechao Xiao , Roman Novak , Jascha Sohl-Dickstein

It has been observed in practice that applying pruning-at-initialization methods to neural networks and training the sparsified networks can not only retain the testing performance of the original dense models, but also sometimes even…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-01-31 Hongru Yang , Yingbin Liang , Xiaojie Guo , Lingfei Wu , Zhangyang Wang

Deep neural networks' remarkable ability to correctly fit training data when optimized by gradient-based algorithms is yet to be fully understood. Recent theoretical results explain the convergence for ReLU networks that are wider than…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-02-09 Asaf Noy , Yi Xu , Yonathan Aflalo , Lihi Zelnik-Manor , Rong Jin

In continuum-armed bandit problems where the underlying function resides in a reproducing kernel Hilbert space (RKHS), namely, the kernelised bandit problems, an important open problem remains of how well learning algorithms can adapt if…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2023-04-28 Yusha Liu , Aarti Singh

For small training set sizes $P$, the generalization error of wide neural networks is well-approximated by the error of an infinite width neural network (NN), either in the kernel or mean-field/feature-learning regime. However, after a…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2022-12-26 Alexander Atanasov , Blake Bordelon , Sabarish Sainathan , Cengiz Pehlevan

A biological neural network in the cortex forms a neural field. Neurons in the field have their own receptive fields, and connection weights between two neurons are random but highly correlated when they are in close proximity in receptive…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-01-10 Kaito Watanabe , Kotaro Sakamoto , Ryo Karakida , Sho Sonoda , Shun-ichi Amari