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Large language models have demonstrated impressive performance on commonsense tasks; however, these tasks are often posed as multiple-choice questions, allowing models to exploit systematic biases. Commonsense is also inherently…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-07 Qi Cheng , Michael Boratko , Pranay Kumar Yelugam , Tim O'Gorman , Nalini Singh , Andrew McCallum , Xiang Lorraine Li

Automatic evaluation by large language models (LLMs) is a prominent topic today; however, judgment and evaluation tasks are often subjective and influenced by various factors, making adaptation challenging. While many studies demonstrate…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-11 Javad Seraj , Mohammad Mahdi Mohajeri , Mohammad Javad Dousti , Majid Nili Ahmadabadi

Large language models (LLMs) generate outputs by utilizing extensive context, which often includes redundant information from prompts, retrieved passages, and interaction history. In critical applications, it is vital to identify which…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Poushali Sengupta , Shashi Raj Pandey , Sabita Maharjan , Frank Eliassen

Automatic Essay Scoring (AES) assigns scores to student essays, reducing the grading workload for instructors. Developing a scoring system capable of handling essays across diverse prompts is challenging due to the flexibility and diverse…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-14 Zhaoyi Joey Hou , Alejandro Ciuba , Xiang Lorraine Li

Large Language Models (LLMs) excel at various tasks, including solving math word problems (MWPs), but struggle with real-world problems containing irrelevant information. To address this, we propose a prompting framework that generates…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-17 Ujjwala Anantheswaran , Himanshu Gupta , Kevin Scaria , Shreyas Verma , Chitta Baral , Swaroop Mishra

Commonsense knowledge is essential for advancing natural language processing (NLP) by enabling models to engage in human-like reasoning, which requires a deeper understanding of context and often involves making inferences based on implicit…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-09-16 Yubo Xie , Zonghui Liu , Zongyang Ma , Fanyuan Meng , Yan Xiao , Fahui Miao , Pearl Pu

This paper provides preliminary results on exploring the task of performing turn-level data augmentation for dialogue system based on different types of commonsense relationships, and the automatic evaluation of the generated synthetic…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-25 Marcos Estecha-Garitagoitia , Chen Zhang , Mario Rodríguez-Cantelar , Luis Fernando D'Haro

Large language models (LLMs) have mastered abundant simple and explicit commonsense knowledge through pre-training, enabling them to achieve human-like performance in simple commonsense reasoning. Nevertheless, LLMs struggle to reason with…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-10 Kai Xiong , Xiao Ding , Yixin Cao , Yuxiong Yan , Li Du , Yufei Zhang , Jinglong Gao , Jiaqian Liu , Bing Qin , Ting Liu

Automated assessment in natural language generation is a challenging task. Instruction-tuned large language models (LLMs) have shown promise in reference-free evaluation, particularly through comparative assessment. However, the quadratic…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-09-25 Vatsal Raina , Adian Liusie , Mark Gales

Neural cache language models (LMs) extend the idea of regular cache language models by making the cache probability dependent on the similarity between the current context and the context of the words in the cache. We make an extensive…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2018-09-25 Lyan Verwimp , Joris Pelemans , Hugo Van hamme , Patrick Wambacq

Math Word Problem (MWP) solving presents a challenging task in Natural Language Processing (NLP). This study aims to provide MWP solvers with a more diverse training set, ultimately improving their ability to solve various math problems. We…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-05-02 Gulsum Yigit , Mehmet Fatih Amasyali

Recent advancements in reasoning-reinforced Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown remarkable capabilities in complex reasoning tasks. However, the mechanism underlying their utilization of different human reasoning skills remains poorly…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-15 Nghia Trung Ngo , Franck Dernoncourt , Thien Huu Nguyen

While large language models (LLMs) have rapidly improved their performance on a broad number of tasks, they still often fall short on reasoning tasks. As LLMs become more integrated in diverse real-world tasks, advancing their reasoning…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-01-29 Tim Knappe , Ryan Li , Ayush Chauhan , Kaylee Chhua , Kevin Zhu , Sean O'Brien

Pre-trained language models (PTLMs) have achieved impressive performance on commonsense inference benchmarks, but their ability to employ commonsense to make robust inferences, which is crucial for effective communications with humans, is…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-09-13 Pei Zhou , Rahul Khanna , Seyeon Lee , Bill Yuchen Lin , Daniel Ho , Jay Pujara , Xiang Ren

Large language models (LLMs) sometimes demonstrate poor performance on knowledge-intensive tasks, commonsense reasoning is one of them. Researchers typically address these issues by retrieving related knowledge from knowledge graphs or…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-15 Jiachun Li , Pengfei Cao , Chenhao Wang , Zhuoran Jin , Yubo Chen , Kang Liu , Xiaojian Jiang , Jiexin Xu , Jun Zhao

Large Language Models (LLMs) have recently been shown to produce estimates of psycholinguistic norms, such as valence, arousal, or concreteness, for words and multiword expressions, that correlate with human judgments. These estimates are…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-13 Thomas Hikaru Clark , Carlos Arriaga , Javier Conde , Gonzalo Martínez , Pedro Reviriego

Although automated metrics are commonly used to evaluate NLG systems, they often correlate poorly with human judgements. Newer metrics such as BERTScore have addressed many weaknesses in prior metrics such as BLEU and ROUGE, which rely on…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-08-20 Ruibo Liu , Jason Wei , Soroush Vosoughi

Recently, using large language models (LLMs) for data augmentation has led to considerable improvements in unsupervised sentence embedding models. However, existing methods encounter two primary challenges: limited data diversity and high…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-07 Peichao Lai , Zhengfeng Zhang , Wentao Zhang , Fangcheng Fu , Bin Cui

As Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly adopted as automated judges in benchmarking and reward modeling, ensuring their reliability, efficiency, and robustness has become critical. In this work, we present a systematic comparison…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Pratik Jayarao , Himanshu Gupta , Neeraj Varshney , Chaitanya Dwivedi

Word sense plausibility rating requires predicting the human-perceived plausibility of a given word sense on a 1-5 scale in the context of short narrative stories containing ambiguous homonyms. This paper systematically compares three…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-11 Tong Wu , Thanet Markchom , Huizhi Liang