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Mobile health is a rapidly developing field in which behavioral treatments are delivered to individuals via wearables or smartphones to facilitate health-related behavior change. Micro-randomized trials (MRT) are an experimental design for…

Item Response Theory (IRT) is a ubiquitous model for understanding humans based on their responses to questions, used in fields as diverse as education, medicine and psychology. Large modern datasets offer opportunities to capture more…

Multiple Instance Learning (MIL) has been widely applied in pathology towards solving critical problems such as automating cancer diagnosis and grading, predicting patient prognosis, and therapy response. Deploying these models in a…

Because different patients may response quite differently to the same drug or treatment, there is increasing interest in discovering individualized treatment rule. In particular, people are eager to find the optimal individualized treatment…

Decision-making processes in healthcare can be highly complex and challenging. Machine Learning tools offer significant potential to assist in these processes. However, many current methodologies rely on complex models that are not easily…

In developing data-driven modeling methodologies, there is an ongoing need to reconcile the strong predictive performance of opaque black-box models with the transparency required for critical applications. This work introduces an…

The optimal dynamic treatment rule (ODTR) framework offers an approach for understanding which kinds of patients respond best to specific treatments -- in other words, treatment effect heterogeneity. Recently, there has been a proliferation…

We propose to use boosted regression trees as a way to compute human-interpretable solutions to reinforcement learning problems. Boosting combines several regression trees to improve their accuracy without significantly reducing their…

Interpretability is essential for machine learning algorithms in high-stakes application fields such as medical image analysis. However, high-performing black-box neural networks do not provide explanations for their predictions, which can…

Estimation and evaluation of individualized treatment rules have been studied extensively, but real-world treatment resource constraints have received limited attention in existing methods. We investigate a setting in which treatment is…

Vision-language models such as CLIP achieve strong visual-textual alignment, but often suffer from overfitting and limited interpretability when adapted through continuous prompt learning. While discrete prompt optimization improves…

Personalisation of products and services is fast becoming the driver of success in banking and commerce. Machine learning holds the promise of gaining a deeper understanding of and tailoring to customers' needs and preferences. Whereas…

Table Retrieval (TR) has traditionally been formulated as an ad-hoc retrieval problem, where relevance is primarily determined by topical semantic similarity. With the growing adoption of LLM-based agentic systems, access to structured data…

Precision medicine leverages patient heterogeneity to estimate individualized treatment regimens, formalized, data-driven approaches designed to match patients with optimal treatments. In the presence of competing events, where multiple…

Non-coplanar Intensity-Modulated Radiation Therapy (IMRT) goes a step further by orienting the gantry carrying the radiation beam and the patient couch in a non-coplanar manner to accurately target the cancer region and better avoid…

Item Response Theory (IRT) is a ubiquitous model for understanding human behaviors and attitudes based on their responses to questions. Large modern datasets offer opportunities to capture more nuances in human behavior, potentially…

Estimating treatment effects is of great importance for many biomedical applications with observational data. Particularly, interpretability of the treatment effects is preferable for many biomedical researchers. In this paper, we first…

Deep learning has driven significant advances in medical image analysis, yet its adoption in clinical practice remains constrained by the large size and lack of transparency in modern models. Advances in interpretability techniques such as…

Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated exceptional performance across a wide range of natural language tasks. However, selecting the optimal LLM to respond to a user query often necessitates a delicate balance between performance…

Neural ranking models have become increasingly popular for real-world search and recommendation systems in recent years. Unlike their tree-based counterparts, neural models are much less interpretable. That is, it is very difficult to…