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In the noisy intermediate-scale quantum era, emerging classical-quantum hybrid optimization algorithms, such as variational quantum algorithms (VQAs), can leverage the unique characteristics of quantum devices to accelerate computations…

Simulating nonlinear partial differential equations (PDEs) such as the Navier--Stokes (NS) equations remains computationally intensive, especially when implicit time integration is used to capture multiscale flow dynamics. This work…

Fluid Dynamics · Physics 2025-08-29 Shaobo Yao , Zhiyu Duan , Ziteng Wang , Wenwen Zhao , Shiying Xiong

Variational quantum algorithms are one of the most promising methods that can be implemented on noisy intermediate-scale quantum (NISQ) machines to achieve a quantum advantage over classical computers. This article describes the use of a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-05-10 Wei-Bin Ewe , Dax Enshan Koh , Siong Thye Goh , Hong-Son Chu , Ching Eng Png

The interpretation of numerical methods, such as finite difference methods for differential equations, as point estimators allows for formal statistical quantification of the error due to discretisation in the numerical context. Competing…

Methodology · Statistics 2018-05-23 Junyang Wang , Jon Cockayne , Chris Oates

Nonlinear equations are challenging to solve due to their inherently nonlinear nature. As analytical solutions typically do not exist, numerical methods have been developed to tackle their solutions. In this article, we give a quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-11-04 Nhat A. Nghiem , Tzu-Chieh Wei

Solving high-dimensional partial differential equations (PDEs) is a major challenge in scientific computing. We develop a new numerical method for solving elliptic-type PDEs by adapting the Q-learning algorithm in reinforcement learning.…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2023-06-27 Samuel N. Cohen , Deqing Jiang , Justin Sirignano

We describe a quantum algorithm for preparing states that encode solutions of non-homogeneous linear partial differential equations. The algorithm is a continuous-variable version of matrix inversion: it efficiently inverts differential…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-09-11 Juan Miguel Arrazola , Timjan Kalajdzievski , Christian Weedbrook , Seth Lloyd

Variational quantum algorithms dominate contemporary gate-based quantum enhanced optimisation, eigenvalue estimation and machine learning. Here we establish the quantum computational universality of variational quantum computation by…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-05-25 Jacob Biamonte

In this paper, we propose forward and backward stochastic differential equations (FBSDEs) based deep neural network (DNN) learning algorithms for the solution of high dimensional quasilinear parabolic partial differential equations (PDEs),…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2021-05-10 Wenzhong Zhang , Wei Cai

In scientific computing, the formulation of numerical discretisations of partial differential equations (PDEs) as untrained convolutional layers within Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs), referred to by some as Neural Physics, has…

Since the introduction of the Black-Scholes model stochastic processes have played an increasingly important role in mathematical finance. In many cases prices, volatility and other quantities can be modeled using stochastic ordinary…

Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability · Physics 2007-05-23 Yin Mei Wong , Joshua Wilkie

We construct quantum algorithms to compute physical observables of nonlinear PDEs with M initial data. Based on an exact mapping between nonlinear and linear PDEs using the level set method, these new quantum algorithms for nonlinear…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-04-22 Shi Jin , Nana Liu

Partial Differential Equations (PDEs) are used to model a variety of dynamical systems in science and engineering. Recent advances in deep learning have enabled us to solve them in a higher dimension by addressing the curse of…

A state-of-the-art deep domain decomposition method (D3M) based on the variational principle is proposed for partial differential equations (PDEs). The solution of PDEs can be formulated as the solution of a constrained optimization…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-04-03 Ke Li , Kejun Tang , Tianfan Wu , Qifeng Liao

The variational principle serves as a fundamental framework for describing equilibrium states of physical systems via the minimization or extremization of an energy-like functional. While quantum algorithms have demonstrated promising…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-08-26 Katsuhiro Endo , Kazuaki Z. Takahashi

Quantum computing promises exponential improvements in solving large systems of partial differential equations (PDE), which forms a bottleneck in high-resolution computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations, in, among others, aerospace…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-10-22 Vladyslav Bohun , Andrij Kuzmak , Maciej Koch-Janusz

Recent years have witnessed a growth in mathematics for deep learning--which seeks a deeper understanding of the concepts of deep learning with mathematics and explores how to make it more robust--and deep learning for mathematics, where…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-10-31 Derick Nganyu Tanyu , Jianfeng Ning , Tom Freudenberg , Nick Heilenkötter , Andreas Rademacher , Uwe Iben , Peter Maass

In this work, we propose and analyze a residual-minimization strategy for the numerical solution of nonlinear PDEs posed in Banach spaces. Given a finite-dimensional trial space and a suitably enriched discrete test space (of higher…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2026-04-02 Ignacio Muga , Jorge Perera , Sergio Rojas , Ricardo Ruiz-Baier

We present a deep learning algorithm for the numerical solution of parametric families of high-dimensional linear Kolmogorov partial differential equations (PDEs). Our method is based on reformulating the numerical approximation of a whole…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-05-11 Julius Berner , Markus Dablander , Philipp Grohs

Non-Hermitian generalized eigenvalue problems (GEPs) play a significant role in many practical applications, such as mechanical engineering. Based on the generalized Schur decomposition, we propose a variational quantum algorithm for…