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Climate change is threatening human health in unprecedented orders and many ways. These threats are expected to grow unless effective and evidence-based policies are developed and acted upon to minimize or eliminate them. Attaining such a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-12-02 B. Jalalzadeh Fard , S. A. Hasan , J. E. Bell

Benchmark contamination poses a significant challenge to the reliability of Large Language Models (LLMs) evaluations, as it is difficult to assert whether a model has been trained on a test set. We introduce a solution to this problem by…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-07-22 Tom Sander , Pierre Fernandez , Saeed Mahloujifar , Alain Durmus , Chuan Guo

Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) has been used as a metric to measure the negative impacts and enhance positive outcomes of companies in areas such as the environment, society, and governance. Recently, investors have…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-09-06 Elvys Linhares Pontes , Mohamed Benjannet , Lam Kim Ming

Climate change demands effective legislative action to mitigate its impacts. This study explores the application of machine learning (ML) to understand the progression of climate policy from announcement to adoption, focusing on policies…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-21 Patricia West , Michelle WL Wan , Alexander Hepburn , Edwin Simpson , Raul Santos-Rodriguez , Jeffrey N Clark

In recent years there has been a growing demand from financial agents, especially from particular and institutional investors, for companies to report on climate-related financial risks. A vast amount of information, in text format, can be…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-03-24 Eduardo C. Garrido-Merchán , Cristina González-Barthe , María Coronado Vaca

Data contamination in model evaluation is getting increasingly prevalent as the massive training corpora of large language models often unintentionally include benchmark samples. Therefore, contamination analysis has became an inevitable…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-09-28 Yucheng Li

Large language models (LLMs) are pre-trained and post-trained on vast amounts of loosely curated data, raising the possibility that these models may have been trained on proprietary datasets or the same benchmarks used for evaluation. This…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-11 Pengrun Huang , Kamalika Chaudhuri , Yu-Xiang Wang

Natural Language Processing (NLP) has become increasingly utilized to provide adaptivity in educational applications. However, recent research has highlighted a variety of biases in pre-trained language models. While existing studies…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-09-23 Thiemo Wambsganss , Vinitra Swamy , Roman Rietsche , Tanja Käser

The growth of machine learning (ML) models and associated datasets triggers a consequent dramatic increase in energy costs for the use and training of these models. In the current context of environmental awareness and global sustainability…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-07-29 Gwendal Jouneaux , Jordi Cabot

Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) are non-financial factors that are garnering attention from investors as they increasingly look to apply these as part of their analysis to identify material risks and growth opportunities. Some…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-04-01 Srishti Mehra , Robert Louka , Yixun Zhang

Recent observations have underscored a disparity between the inflated benchmark scores and the actual performance of LLMs, raising concerns about potential contamination of evaluation benchmarks. This issue is especially critical for…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-05 Chunyuan Deng , Yilun Zhao , Xiangru Tang , Mark Gerstein , Arman Cohan

Data contamination in model evaluation has become increasingly prevalent with the growing popularity of large language models. It allows models to "cheat" via memorisation instead of displaying true capabilities. Therefore, contamination…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-01-30 Yucheng Li , Frank Guerin , Chenghua Lin

Large language models are widespread, with their performance on benchmarks frequently guiding user preferences for one model over another. However, the vast amount of data these models are trained on can inadvertently lead to contamination…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-02-13 Jasper Dekoninck , Mark Niklas Müller , Maximilian Baader , Marc Fischer , Martin Vechev

Urbanization enables economic growth but also harms the environment through degradation. Traditional methods of detecting environmental issues have proven inefficient. Machine learning has emerged as a promising tool for tracking…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-29 Anirudh Mazumder , Sarthak Engala , Aditya Nallaparaju

Pre-trained language models (PLMs) like BERT are being used for almost all language-related tasks, but interpreting their behavior still remains a significant challenge and many important questions remain largely unanswered. In this work,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-09-28 Samuel Stevens , Yu Su

Potential harms of large language models can be mitigated by watermarking model output, i.e., embedding signals into generated text that are invisible to humans but algorithmically detectable from a short span of tokens. We propose a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-03 John Kirchenbauer , Jonas Geiping , Yuxin Wen , Jonathan Katz , Ian Miers , Tom Goldstein

Large Language Models (LLMs) have transformed numerous domains by providing advanced capabilities in natural language understanding, generation, and reasoning. Despite their groundbreaking applications across industries such as research,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-01-22 Aditi Singh , Nirmal Prakashbhai Patel , Abul Ehtesham , Saket Kumar , Tala Talaei Khoei

Financial sentiment analysis is a challenging task due to the specialized language and lack of labeled data in that domain. General-purpose models are not effective enough because of the specialized language used in a financial context. We…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-08-28 Dogu Araci

To transition to a green economy, environmental claims made by companies must be reliable, comparable, and verifiable. To analyze such claims at scale, automated methods are needed to detect them in the first place. However, there exist no…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-05-29 Dominik Stammbach , Nicolas Webersinke , Julia Anna Bingler , Mathias Kraus , Markus Leippold

Pre-trained language models (PLMs) have revolutionized both the natural language processing research and applications. However, stereotypical biases (e.g., gender and racial discrimination) encoded in PLMs have raised negative ethical…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-12 Jinfeng Li , Yuefeng Chen , Xiangyu Liu , Longtao Huang , Rong Zhang , Hui Xue