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Length generalization, the ability to solve problems longer than those seen during training, remains a critical challenge for large language models (LLMs). Previous work modifies positional encodings (PEs) and data formats to improve length…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-20 Yi Hu , Shijia Kang , Haotong Yang , Haotian Xu , Muhan Zhang

We study the problem of controlling the difficulty level of text generated by Large Language Models (LLMs) for contexts where end-users are not fully proficient, such as language learners. Using a novel framework, we evaluate the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-06 Ali Malik , Stephen Mayhew , Chris Piech , Klinton Bicknell

Large Language Models (LLMs) demand significant computational resources, making it essential to enhance their capabilities without retraining from scratch. A key challenge in this domain is \textit{catastrophic forgetting} (CF), which…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-01-31 Haichao Wei , Yunxiang Ren , Zhoutong Fu , Aman Lunia , Yi-Lin Chen , Alice Leung , Ya Xu

Large Language Models (LLMs) represent a significant stride toward Artificial General Intelligence. As scaling laws underscore the potential of increasing model sizes, the academic community has intensified its investigations into LLMs with…

Cybersecurity education is challenging and it is helpful for educators to understand Large Language Models' (LLMs') capabilities for supporting education. This study evaluates the effectiveness of LLMs in conducting a variety of penetration…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-03-30 Martin Nizon-Deladoeuille , Brynjólfur Stefánsson , Helmut Neukirchen , Thomas Welsh

In this paper, we present a novel approach for distilling math word problem solving capabilities from large language models (LLMs) into smaller, more efficient student models. Our approach is designed to consider the student model's…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-05-25 Zhenwen Liang , Wenhao Yu , Tanmay Rajpurohit , Peter Clark , Xiangliang Zhang , Ashwin Kaylan

Providing effective feedback is important for student learning in programming problem-solving. In this sense, Large Language Models (LLMs) have emerged as potential tools to automate feedback generation. However, their reliability and…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-03-20 Priscylla Silva , Evandro Costa

Large language models (LLMs) excel at general mathematical reasoning but fail catastrophically on specialized technical mathematics. In wireless communications, where problems require precise manipulation of information-theoretic bounds,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-30 Xin Li , Mengbing Liu , Yiyang Zhu , Wenhe Zhang , Li Wei , Jiancheng An , Chau Yuen

This paper presents a comprehensive investigation into the capability of Large Language Models (LLMs) to successfully complete a semester-long undergraduate control systems course. Through evaluation of 115 course deliverables, we assess…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-05-19 Gokul Puthumanaillam , Timothy Bretl , Melkior Ornik

Large Language Models (LLMs) have achieved remarkable success through imitation learning on vast text corpora, but this paradigm creates a training-generation gap and limits robust reasoning. Reinforcement learning (RL) offers a more…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-13 Zhepeng Cen , Haolin Chen , Shiyu Wang , Zuxin Liu , Zhiwei Liu , Jielin Qiu , Ding Zhao , Silvio Savarese , Caiming Xiong , Huan Wang , Weiran Yao

Reinforcement Learning (RL) algorithms often require long training to become useful, especially in complex environments with sparse rewards. While techniques like reward shaping and curriculum learning exist to accelerate training, these…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-11 Lukas Toral , Teddy Lazebnik

Large Language Models (LLMs) are transformer-based machine learning models that have shown remarkable performance in tasks for which they were not explicitly trained. Here, we explore the potential of LLMs to perform symbolic regression --…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-17 Samiha Sharlin , Tyler R. Josephson

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated proficiency in utilizing various tools by coding, yet they face limitations in handling intricate logic and precise control. In embodied tasks, high-level planning is amenable to direct coding,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-03-01 Shaoteng Liu , Haoqi Yuan , Minda Hu , Yanwei Li , Yukang Chen , Shu Liu , Zongqing Lu , Jiaya Jia

Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly adopted as evaluators, offering a scalable alternative to human annotation. However, existing supervised fine-tuning (SFT) approaches often fall short in domains that demand complex reasoning.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-04 Nuo Chen , Zhiyuan Hu , Qingyun Zou , Jiaying Wu , Qian Wang , Bryan Hooi , Bingsheng He

Long chain-of-thought (CoT) significantly enhances the reasoning capabilities of large language models (LLMs). However, extensive reasoning traces lead to inefficiencies and increased time-to-first-token (TTFT). We propose a training…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-08 Roy Xie , David Qiu , Deepak Gopinath , Dong Lin , Yanchao Sun , Chong Wang , Saloni Potdar , Bhuwan Dhingra

Reinforcement learning (RL) is a promising approach for robotic manipulation, but it can suffer from low sample efficiency and requires extensive exploration of large state-action spaces. Recent methods leverage the commonsense knowledge…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-04-15 Jelle Luijkx , Runyu Ma , Zlatan Ajanović , Jens Kober

We release and introduce the TigerBot family of large language models (LLMs), consisting of base and chat models, sized from 7, 13, 70 and 180 billion parameters. We develop our models embarking from Llama-2 and BLOOM, and push the boundary…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-12-18 Ye Chen , Wei Cai , Liangmin Wu , Xiaowei Li , Zhanxuan Xin , Cong Fu

Recent advancements in language models have demonstrated remarkable improvements in various natural language processing (NLP) tasks such as web navigation. Supervised learning (SL) approaches have achieved impressive performance while…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-31 Lucas-Andreï Thil , Mirela Popa , Gerasimos Spanakis

Large Language Models (LLMs) pre-trained on multilingual data have revolutionized natural language processing research, by transitioning from languages and task specific model pipelines to a single model adapted on a variety of tasks.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-01-31 Munief Hassan Tahir , Sana Shams , Layba Fiaz , Farah Adeeba , Sarmad Hussain

Large language models (LLMs) can potentially democratize access to medical knowledge. While many efforts have been made to harness and improve LLMs' medical knowledge and reasoning capacities, the resulting models are either closed-source…