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The increasing size of transformer-based models in NLP makes the question of compressing them important. In this work, we present a comprehensive analysis of factorization based model compression techniques. Specifically, we focus on…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-18 Ashim Gupta , Sina Mahdipour Saravani , P. Sadayappan , Vivek Srikumar

We propose a flexible and theoretically supported framework for scalable nonnegative matrix factorization. The goal is to find nonnegative low-rank components directly from compressed measurements, accessing the original data only once or…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2026-02-17 Abraar Chaudhry , Elizaveta Rebrova

In this work, we present randomized compression algorithms for flat rank-structured matrices with shared bases, termed uniform Block Low-Rank (BLR) matrices. Our main contribution is a technique called tagging, which improves upon the…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2025-12-16 Katherine J. Pearce , Anna Yesypenko , James Levitt , Per-Gunnar Martinsson

Hierarchical low-rank approximation of dense matrices can reduce the complexity of their factorization from O(N^3) to O(N). However, the complex structure of such hierarchical matrices makes them difficult to parallelize. The block size and…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-02-05 Qianxiang Ma , Rio Yokota

In this paper, we consider the matrices approximated in H2 format. The direct solution, as well as the preconditioning, of systems with such matrices is a challenging problem. We propose a non-extensive sparse factorization of the H2 matrix…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2018-05-01 Daria Sushnikova , Ivan Oseledets

Sequence model based NLP applications can be large. Yet, many applications that benefit from them run on small devices with very limited compute and storage capabilities, while still having run-time constraints. As a result, there is a need…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-10-08 Urmish Thakker , Jesse Beu , Dibakar Gope , Ganesh Dasika , Matthew Mattina

Modern large language models (LLMs) place extraordinary pressure on memory and compute budgets, making principled compression indispensable for both deployment and continued training. We present Hierarchical Sparse Plus Low-Rank (HSS)…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-14 Pawan Kumar , Aditi Gupta

Tile low rank representations of dense matrices partition them into blocks of roughly uniform size, where each off-diagonal tile is compressed and stored as its own low rank factorization. They offer an attractive representation for many…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2021-08-27 Wajih Boukaram , Stefano Zampini , George Turkiyyah , David Keyes

Hierarchical matrices are data-sparse approximations of dense matrices that are widely used for fast matrix computations. Hierarchical matrices are built using a tree data structure, with low-rank blocks identified by various admissibility…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2026-04-13 Ritesh Khan , Erin Carson

Matrix-vector multiplication forms the basis of many iterative solution algorithms and as such is an important algorithm also for hierarchical matrices which are used to represent dense data in an optimized form by applying low-rank…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2026-01-30 Ronald Kriemann

Hierarchical matrices provide a highly memory-efficient way of storing dense linear operators arising, for example, from boundary element methods, particularly when stored in the H^2 format. In such data-sparse representations, iterative…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2025-09-23 Sven Christophersen

The proposed article aims at offering a comprehensive tutorial for the computational aspects of structured matrix and tensor factorization. Unlike existing tutorials that mainly focus on {\it algorithmic procedures} for a small set of…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-07-19 Xiao Fu , Nico Vervliet , Lieven De Lathauwer , Kejun Huang , Nicolas Gillis

A matrix-compression algorithm is derived from a novel isogenic block decomposition for square matrices. The resulting compression and inflation operations possess strong functorial and spectral-permanence properties. The basic observation…

Rings and Algebras · Mathematics 2022-11-01 Alexander Belton , Dominique Guillot , Apoorva Khare , Mihai Putinar

Tensor decompositions, which represent an $N$-order tensor using approximately $N$ factors of much smaller dimensions, can significantly reduce the number of parameters. This is particularly beneficial for high-order tensors, as the number…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-23 Zhen Qin , Michael B. Wakin , Zhihui Zhu

Inversion of sparse matrices with standard direct solve schemes is robust, but computationally expensive. Iterative solvers, on the other hand, demonstrate better scalability; but, need to be used with an appropriate preconditioner (e.g.,…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2017-09-28 Hadi Pouransari , Pieter Coulier , Eric Darve

Several researchers have developed a rich toolbox of matrix compression techniques that exploit structure and redundancy in large matrices. Classical methods such as the block low-rank format and the Fast Multipole Method make it possible…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2025-12-05 Arthur Saunier , Leo Agelas , Ani Anciaux Sedrakian , Ibtihel Ben Gharbia , Xavier Claeys

A new hybrid algorithm for LDU-factorization for large sparse matrix combining iterative solver, which can keep the same accuracy as the classical factorization, is proposed. The last Schur complement will be generated by iterative solver…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2022-08-04 Atsushi Suzuki

Structured dense matrices result from boundary integral problems in electrostatics and geostatistics, and also Schur complements in sparse preconditioners such as multi-frontal methods. Exploiting the structure of such matrices can reduce…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2023-11-03 Sameer Deshmukh , Qinxiang Ma , Rio Yokota , George Bosilca

The components underpinning PLMs -- large weight matrices -- were shown to bear considerable redundancy. Matrix factorization, a well-established technique from matrix theory, has been utilized to reduce the number of parameters in PLM.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-06-27 Siyu Ren , Kenny Q. Zhu

The matrix LU factorization algorithm is a fundamental algorithm in linear algebra. We propose a generalization of the LU and LEU algorithms to accommodate the case of a commutative domain and its field of quotients. This algorithm…

Symbolic Computation · Computer Science 2025-03-19 Gennadi Malaschonok