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We present a method for the approximate propagation of mean and covariance of a probability distribution through ordinary differential equations (ODE) with discontinous right-hand side. For piecewise affine systems, a normalization of the…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2024-03-06 Florian Messerer , Katrin Baumgärtner , Armin Nurkanović , Moritz Diehl

Controllable layout generation refers to the process of creating a plausible visual arrangement of elements within a graphic design (e.g., document and web designs) with constraints representing design intentions. Although recent…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-05-17 Jian Chen , Ruiyi Zhang , Yufan Zhou , Rajiv Jain , Zhiqiang Xu , Ryan Rossi , Changyou Chen

Many normalizing flow architectures impose regularity constraints, yet their distributional approximation properties are not fully characterized. We study the expressivity of bi-Lipschitz normalizing flows through the lens of score-based…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-05-08 Meira Iske , Carola-Bibiane Schönlieb

We present a concise, self-contained derivation of diffusion-based generative models. Starting from basic properties of Gaussian distributions (densities, quadratic expectations, re-parameterisation, products, and KL divergences), we…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-18 Sepehr Maleki , Negar Pourmoazemi

A significant research effort is focused on exploiting the amazing capacities of pretrained diffusion models for the editing of images.They either finetune the model, or invert the image in the latent space of the pretrained model. However,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-12-09 Senmao Li , Joost van de Weijer , Taihang Hu , Fahad Shahbaz Khan , Qibin Hou , Yaxing Wang , Jian Yang , Ming-Ming Cheng

Generative models are nowadays widely used to generate graphical content used for multiple purposes, e.g. web, art, advertisement. However, it has been shown that the images generated by these models could reinforce societal biases already…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-08-07 Tosin Fadahunsi , Giordano d'Aloisio , Antinisca Di Marco , Federica Sarro

Large, text-conditioned generative diffusion models have recently gained a lot of attention for their impressive performance in generating high-fidelity images from text alone. However, achieving high-quality results is almost unfeasible in…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-06-01 Manuel Brack , Patrick Schramowski , Felix Friedrich , Dominik Hintersdorf , Kristian Kersting

Text-to-image (T2I) diffusion models have made remarkable strides in generating and editing high-fidelity images from text. Yet, these models remain fundamentally generic, failing to adapt to the nuanced aesthetic preferences of individual…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-11 Connor Dunlop , Matthew Zheng , Kavana Venkatesh , Pinar Yanardag

Diffusion-based methods can generate realistic images and videos, but they struggle to edit existing objects in a video while preserving their appearance over time. This prevents diffusion models from being applied to natural video editing…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-08-21 Wenhao Chai , Xun Guo , Gaoang Wang , Yan Lu

Thanks to the rapid development of diffusion models, unprecedented progress has been witnessed in image synthesis. Prior works mostly rely on pre-trained linguistic models, but a text is often too abstract to properly specify all the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-08-15 Binbin Yang , Yi Luo , Ziliang Chen , Guangrun Wang , Xiaodan Liang , Liang Lin

The development of diffusion-based generative models over the past decade has largely proceeded independently of progress in representation learning. These diffusion models typically rely on regression-based objectives and generally lack…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-07-25 Runqian Wang , Kaiming He

Generative models can be categorized into two types: explicit generative models that define explicit density forms and allow exact likelihood inference, such as score-based diffusion models (SDMs) and normalizing flows; implicit generative…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2023-07-06 Jingwei Zhang , Han Shi , Jincheng Yu , Enze Xie , Zhenguo Li

Foundation models enable prompt-based classifiers for zero-shot and few-shot learning. Nonetheless, the conventional method of employing fixed prompts suffers from distributional shifts that negatively impact generalizability to unseen…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-29 Yingjun Du , Gaowen Liu , Yuzhang Shang , Yuguang Yao , Ramana Kompella , Cees G. M. Snoek

We present a concise derivation for several influential score-based diffusion models that relies on only a few textbook results. Diffusion models have recently emerged as powerful tools for generating realistic, synthetic signals --…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-06 Chicago Y. Park , Michael T. McCann , Cristina Garcia-Cardona , Brendt Wohlberg , Ulugbek S. Kamilov

A plethora of text-guided image editing methods have recently been developed by leveraging the impressive capabilities of large-scale diffusion-based generative models such as Imagen and Stable Diffusion. A standardized evaluation protocol,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-10-05 Samyadeep Basu , Mehrdad Saberi , Shweta Bhardwaj , Atoosa Malemir Chegini , Daniela Massiceti , Maziar Sanjabi , Shell Xu Hu , Soheil Feizi

The recent wave of large-scale text-to-image diffusion models has dramatically increased our text-based image generation abilities. These models can generate realistic images for a staggering variety of prompts and exhibit impressive…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-09-14 Alexander C. Li , Mihir Prabhudesai , Shivam Duggal , Ellis Brown , Deepak Pathak

Diffusion-based editing enables realistic modification of local image regions, making AI-generated content harder to detect. Existing AIGC detection benchmarks focus on classifying entire images, overlooking the localization of…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-27 Hai Ci , Ziheng Peng , Pei Yang , Yingxin Xuan , Mike Zheng Shou

In this work, we present a theoretical and computational framework for constructing stochastic transport maps between probability distributions using diffusion processes. We begin by proving that the time-marginal distribution of the sum of…

Probability · Mathematics 2025-03-27 Xicheng Zhang

Many naturally-occuring models in the sciences are well-approximated by simplified models, using multiscale techniques. In such settings it is natural to ask about the relationship between inverse problems defined by the original problem…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2019-02-28 Kit Newton , Qin Li , Andrew Stuart

Stable random variables are motivated by the central limit theorem for densities with (potentially) unbounded variance and can be thought of as natural generalizations of the Gaussian distribution to skewed and heavy-tailed phenomenon. In…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2014-04-17 Navodit Misra , Ercan E. Kuruoglu