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Variable-speed pumped-storage (VSPS) has great potential in helping solve the frequency control problem caused by low inertia, owing to its remarkable flexibility beyond conventional fixed-speed one, to make better use of which, a primary…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-10-21 Zhenghua Xu , Changhong Deng , Qiuling Yang

In this paper a neural network heuristic dynamic programing (HDP) is used for optimal control of the virtual inertia based control of grid connected three phase inverters. It is shown that the conventional virtual inertia controllers are…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-08-19 Sepehr Saadatmand , Mohammad Saleh Sanjarinia , Pourya Shamsi , Mehdi Ferdowsi , Donald C. Wunsch

Volt-VAR and Volt-Watt functionality in photovoltaic (PV) smart inverters provide mechanisms to ensure system voltage magnitudes and power factors remain within acceptable limits. However, these control functions can become unstable,…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-01-02 Daniel Arnold , Shammya Saha , Sy-Toan Ngo , Ciaran Roberts , Anna Scaglione , Nathan Johnson , Sean Peisert , David Pinney

As the number of converter-based renewable generations in the power system is increasing, the inertia provided by the synchronous generators is reducing, which in turn is reducing the stability margins of the power system. In order to…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-06-12 Sujay Ghosh , Mohammad Kazem Bakhshizadeh , Łukasz Kocewiak , Guangya Yang

The integration of renewables gradually replaces the traditional power plants, and this makes that the rotational inertia provided by the power plants is decreasing with time. Virtual inertia emulated by power electronic devices is becoming…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2019-03-12 Shuchang Yan

With the gradual transformation of power generation towards renewables, distributed energy resources are becoming more and more relevant for grid stabilization. In order to involve all participants in the joint solution of this challenging…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2019-12-18 Lukas Kölsch , Katharina Wieninger , Stefan Krebs , Sören Hohmann

Modern electricity grids throughout the world, particularly in islands such as Great Britain, face a major problem on the road to decarbonisation: the significantly reduced level of system inertia due to integration of Renewable Energy…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-08-17 Luis Badesa , Carlos Matamala , Yujing Zhou , Goran Strbac

In Part I of this paper we have introduced the closed-form conditions for guaranteeing regional frequency stability in a power system. Here we propose a methodology to represent these conditions in the form of linear constraints and…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2021-04-15 Luis Badesa , Fei Teng , Goran Strbac

This letter proposes a new control strategy for wind turbine generators to decide the necessity of switches between the normal operation and frequency support modes. The idea is to accurately predict an unsafe frequency response using a…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-06-01 Yang Liu , Yichen Zhang , Kai Sun , Xiaopeng Zhao

Aiming at the core problem that it is difficult for a fixed inertia coefficient to balance transient disturbance suppression and long-term stability in complex network synchronization systems, an adaptive inertia control strategy based on…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-01-22 Yiwei Zhou , Zhongcheng Lei , Xiaoran Dai , Wenshan Hu , Hong Zhou

As hyperscale and co-located data centers scale, the electric grid sees an increase in large, voltage-sensitive IT loads with these data center plant size ranging between 500 MW to 2 GW. A sudden loss of these loads as they switch to onsite…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-12-25 Soham Ghosh , Mohammad Ashraf Hossain Sadi

Power grid data are going big with the deployment of various sensors. The big data in power grids creates huge opportunities for applying artificial intelligence technologies to improve resilience and reliability. This paper introduces…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-02-04 Shutang You , Yilu Liu , Hongyu Li , Shengyuan Liu , Kaiqi Sun , Yinfeng Zhao , Huangqing Xiao , Jiaojiao Dong , Yu Su , Weikang Wang , Yi Cui

After over a century of internal combustion engines ruling the transport sector, electric vehicles appear to be on the verge of gaining traction due to a slew of advantages, including lower operating costs and lower CO2 emissions. By using…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-02-05 J. N. Sabhahit , S. S. Solanke , V. K. Jadoun , H. Malik , F. P. García Márquez , J. M. Pinar-Pérez

Due to the increasing load demand, the operating state of modern power systems are become closing to their critical levels. Moreover, the modern power systems are integrated with a large amount of fast-response dynamic elements, so the…

Systems and Control · Computer Science 2018-08-29 Wenlu Zhao

This paper proposes a novel formulation of effective regional inertia that explicitly accounts for both system topology and the spatial distribution of inertia. Unlike traditional approaches that model a region as an aggregated machine with…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-11-05 Bruno Pinheiro , Joe H. Chow , Federico Milano , Daniel Dotta

Virtual inertia controllers (VICs) for wind turbine generators (WTGs) have been recently developed to compensate for the reduction of inertia in power systems. However, VICs can induce low-frequency torsional oscillations of the drive train…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-03-24 Bi Liu , Qi Huang , Junbo Zhao , Federico Milano , Yingchen Zhang

One of the fundamental concerns in the operation of modern power systems is the assessment of their frequency stability in case of inertia-reduction induced by the large share of power electronic interfaced resources. Within this context,…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-01-03 Francesco Conte , Stefano Massucco , Mario Paolone , Giacomo-Piero Schiapparelli , Federico Silvestro , Yihui Zuo

The dynamic response of power grids to small events or persistent stochastic disturbances influences their stable operation. Low-frequency inter-area oscillations are of particular concern due to insufficient damping. This paper studies the…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2022-04-20 Manish K. Singh , Vassilis Kekatos

The energy transition towards high shares of renewable energy will affect the stability of electricity grids in many ways. Here, we aim to study its impact on propagation of disturbances by solving nonlinear swing equations describing…

Physics and Society · Physics 2018-07-10 Samyak Ratna Tamrakar , Michael Conrath , Stefan Kettemann

In the context of dynamic virtual power plants (DVPPs), the integration of frequency containment reserve (FCR) and fast frequency control (FFC) enabled via local compensation of power imbalance represents a significant advancement in…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-07-10 Saif Ahmad , Seifeddine Ben Elghali , Hafiz Ahmed