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The reliance on distributed renewable energy has increased recently. As a result, power electronic-based distributed generators replaced synchronous generators which led to a change in the dynamic characteristics of the microgrid. Most…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-06-24 Waleed Breesam , Rezvan Alamian , Nima Tashakor , Brahim Elkhalil Youcefa , Stefan M. Goetz

Increasing the inertia is widely considered to be the solution to resolving unstable interactions between coupled oscillators. In power grids, Virtual Synchronous Generators (VSGs) are proposed to compensate the reducing inertia as rotating…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-01-31 Gurupraanesh Raman , Gururaghav Raman , Jimmy Chih-Hsien Peng

The virtual synchronous generator technology analogs the characteristics of the synchronous generator via the controller design. It improved the stability of the grid systems which include the new energy. At the same time, according to the…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-03-10 Hai-Peng Ren , Qi Chen , Liang-Liang Zhang , Jie Li

An inevitable consequence of the global power system transition towards nearly 100% renewable-based generation is the loss of conventional bulk generation by synchronous machines, their inertia, and accompanying frequency and voltage…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-03-11 Ali Tayyebi , Dominic Groß , Adolfo Anta , Friederich Kupzog , Florian Dörfler

A major transition in the operation of electric power grids is the replacement of synchronous machines by distributed generation connected via power electronic converters. The accompanying "loss of rotational inertia" and the fluctuations…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2021-01-15 Bala Kameshwar Poolla , Saverio Bolognani , Florian Dorfler

Traditional emergency control schemes in power systems usually accompany with power interruption yielding severely economic damages to customers. This paper sketches the ideas of a viable alternative for traditional remedial controls for…

Systems and Control · Computer Science 2015-11-27 Thanh Long Vu , Spyros Chatzivasileiadis , Konstantin Turitsyn

In contrast to grid-following inverters, Virtual Synchronous Generators (VSGs) perform well under weak grid conditions but may become unstable when the grid is strong. Grid strength depends on grid impedance, which unfortunately varies over…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-07-08 Quang-Manh Hoang , Van Nam Nguyen , Taehyung Kim , Guilherme Vieira Hollweg , Wencong Su , Van-Hai Bui

The electric power system is witnessing a shift in the technology of generation. Conventional thermal generation based on synchronous machines is gradually being replaced by power electronics interfaced renewable generation. This new mode…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2020-01-24 Bala Kameshwar Poolla , Dominic Groß , Florian Dörfler

An inevitable consequence of the global power system transition towards nearly 100% renewable-based generation is the loss of conventional bulk generation by synchronous machines, their inertia, and accompanying frequency and voltage…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2019-10-10 Ali Tayyebi , Dominic Groß , Adolfo Anta , Friederich Kupzog , Florian Dörfler

If a disturbance rocks a low-inertia power system, the frequency decline may be too rapid to arrest before it triggers undesirable responses from generators and loads. In the worst case, this instability could lead to blackout and major…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-07-08 Adam B. Birchfield

Rotational inertia is stabilizing the frequency of electric power systems against small and large disturbances, but it is also the cause for oscillations between generators. As more and more conventional generators are replaced by renewable…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2017-05-10 Theodor Borsche , Florian Dörfler

Ensuring the frequency stability of electric grids with increasing renewable resources is a key problem in power system operations. In recent years, a number of advanced controllers have been designed to optimize frequency control. These…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-05-23 Wenqi Cui , Guanya Shi , Yuanyuan Shi , Baosen Zhang

This paper presents a novel strategy for the synchronization of grid-following Voltage Source Converters (VSCs) in power systems with low rotational inertia. The proposed synchronization unit is based on emulating the physical properties of…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-06-30 Ognjen Stanojev , Uros Markovic , Petros Aristidou , Gabriela Hug

In this paper virtual synchronous generation (VSG) approach is investigated in application to low- and zero-inertia grids operated by grid-forming (GFM) inverters. The key idea here is to introduce dynamic inertia and damping constants in…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-11-07 Oleg O. Khamisov , Stepan P. Vasilev

A major transition in modern power systems is the replacement of conventional generation units with renewable sources of energy. The latter results in lower rotational inertia which compromises the stability of the power system, as…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-12-15 Andreas Kasis , Stelios Timotheou , Marios Polycarpou

The increasing penetration of converter-based renewable generation has resulted in faster frequency dynamics, and low and variable inertia. As a result, there is a need for frequency control methods that are able to stabilize a disturbance…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-06-13 Jie Feng , Manasa Muralidharan , Rodrigo Henriquez-Auba , Patricia Hidalgo-Gonzalez , Yuanyuan Shi

The electrical grid is evolving from a network consisting of mostly synchronous machines to a mixture of synchronous machines and inverter-based resources such as wind, solar, and energy storage. This transformation has led to a decrease in…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-07-29 Atinuke Ademola-Idowu , Baosen Zhang

As renewable resources gradually replace conventional generation based synchronous machines, the dynamics of the modern grid changes significantly and the system synchronous inertia decreases substantially. This transformation poses severe…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-11-09 Mingjian Tuo , Xingpeng Li

Introduction of renewable generation leads to significant reduction of inertia in power system, which deteriorates the quality of frequency control. This paper suggests a new control scheme utilizing controllable load to deal with low…

Systems and Control · Computer Science 2018-11-30 Oleg O. Khamisov , Janusz W. Bialek , Anatoly Dymarsky

This paper presents a distributed frequency control method for power grids with high penetration of inverter-connected resources under low and time-varying inertia due to renewable energy (RE). We provide a distributed virtual inertia (VI)…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-09-20 Manasa Muralidharan , Jan Kleissl , Patricia Hidalgo-Gonzalez
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