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In this paper we share findings from our effort to build practical machine translation (MT) systems capable of translating across over one thousand languages. We describe results in three research domains: (i) Building clean, web-mined…

Large Language Models (LLMs) have significantly advanced Machine Translation (MT), applying them to linguistically complex domains-such as Social Network Services, literature etc. In these scenarios, translations often require handling…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-17 Yanzhi Tian , Cunxiang Wang , Zeming Liu , Heyan Huang , Wenbo Yu , Dawei Song , Jie Tang , Yuhang Guo

This report presents an automatic evaluation of the general machine translation task of the Seventh Conference on Machine Translation (WMT22). It evaluates a total of 185 systems for 21 translation directions including high-resource to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-11-10 Benjamin Marie

Automatic evaluation of ST systems is typically performed by comparing translation hypotheses with one or more reference translations. While effective to some extent, this approach inherits the limitation of reference-based evaluation that…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-09 Mauro Cettolo , Marco Gaido , Matteo Negri , Sara Papi , Luisa Bentivogli

Human evaluation is a critical component in machine translation system development and has received much attention in text translation research. However, little prior work exists on the topic of human evaluation for speech translation,…

Consistency is a key requirement of high-quality translation. It is especially important to adhere to pre-approved terminology and adapt to corrected translations in domain-specific projects. Machine translation (MT) has achieved…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-05-10 Yasmin Moslem , Rejwanul Haque , John D. Kelleher , Andy Way

We release 70 small and discriminative test sets for machine translation (MT) evaluation called variance-aware test sets (VAT), covering 35 translation directions from WMT16 to WMT20 competitions. VAT is automatically created by a novel…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-11-09 Runzhe Zhan , Xuebo Liu , Derek F. Wong , Lidia S. Chao

Multilingual machine translation (MT) benchmarks play a central role in evaluating the capabilities of modern MT systems. Among them, the FLORES+ benchmark is widely used, offering English-to-many translation data for over 200 languages,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-29 Chihiro Taguchi , Seng Mai , Keita Kurabe , Yusuke Sakai , Georgina Agyei , Soudabeh Eslami , David Chiang

The evaluation of discourse-level translation in expert domains remains inadequate, despite its centrality to knowledge dissemination and cross-lingual scholarly communication. While these translations demand discourse-level coherence and…

We hypothesize that existing sentence-level machine translation (MT) metrics become less effective when the human reference contains ambiguities. To verify this hypothesis, we present a very simple method for extending pretrained metrics to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-09-29 Giorgos Vernikos , Brian Thompson , Prashant Mathur , Marcello Federico

This paper presents a technical report of our submission to the 4th task of SemEval-2021, titled: Reading Comprehension of Abstract Meaning. In this task, we want to predict the correct answer based on a question given a context. Usually,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-05-11 Hossein Basafa , Sajad Movahedi , Ali Ebrahimi , Azadeh Shakery , Heshaam Faili

For machine translation to tackle discourse phenomena, models must have access to extra-sentential linguistic context. There has been recent interest in modelling context in neural machine translation (NMT), but models have been principally…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2018-04-23 Rachel Bawden , Rico Sennrich , Alexandra Birch , Barry Haddow

This paper presents the findings from the third edition of the Chat Translation Shared Task. As with previous editions, the task involved translating bilingual customer support conversations, specifically focusing on the impact of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-16 Wafaa Mohammed , Sweta Agrawal , M. Amin Farajian , Vera Cabarrão , Bryan Eikema , Ana C. Farinha , José G. C. de Souza

While automatic metrics drive progress in Machine Translation (MT) and Text Summarization (TS), existing metrics have been developed and validated almost exclusively for English and other high-resource languages. This narrow focus leaves…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-09 Amir Hossein Yari , Kalmit Kulkarni , Ahmad Raza Khan , Fajri Koto

While machine translation evaluation metrics based on string overlap (e.g., BLEU) have their limitations, their computations are transparent: the BLEU score assigned to a particular candidate translation can be traced back to the presence…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-10-26 Marzena Karpinska , Nishant Raj , Katherine Thai , Yixiao Song , Ankita Gupta , Mohit Iyyer

Automatic evaluation metrics are central to the development of machine translation systems, yet their robustness under domain shift remains unclear. Most metrics are developed on the Workshop on Machine Translation (WMT) benchmarks, raising…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-22 Finn Schmidt , Jan Philip Wahle , Terry Ruas , Bela Gipp

This paper describes Microsoft's submission to the first shared task on sign language translation at WMT 2022, a public competition tackling sign language to spoken language translation for Swiss German sign language. The task is very…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-10-25 Subhadeep Dey , Abhilash Pal , Cyrine Chaabani , Oscar Koller

The ACM Multimedia 2023 Computational Paralinguistics Challenge addresses two different problems for the first time in a research competition under well-defined conditions: In the Emotion Share Sub-Challenge, a regression on speech has to…

End-to-end In-Image Machine Translation (IIMT) aims to convert text embedded within an image into a target language while preserving the original visual context, layout, and rendering style. However, existing IIMT benchmarks are largely…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-02 Jiahao Lyu , Pei Fu , Zhenhang Li , Weichao Zeng , Shaojie Zhang , Jiahui Yang , Can Ma , Yu Zhou , Zhenbo Luo , Jian Luan

A key challenge in MT evaluation is the inherent noise and inconsistency of human ratings. Regression-based neural metrics struggle with this noise, while prompting LLMs shows promise at system-level evaluation but performs poorly at…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-21 Shaomu Tan , Christof Monz