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Most large language models are fine-tuned using either expensive human-annotated data or GPT-4 generated data which cannot guarantee performance in certain domains. We argue that although the web-crawled data often has formatting errors…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-08-16 Jing Zhou , Chenglin Jiang , Wei Shen , Xiao Zhou , Xiaonan He

The proliferation of hate speech has inflicted significant societal harm, with its intensity and directionality closely tied to specific targets and arguments. In recent years, numerous machine learning-based methods have been developed to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-16 Zewen Bai , Liang Yang , Shengdi Yin , Yuanyuan Sun , Hongfei Lin

Detoxifying offensive language while preserving the speaker's original intent is a challenging yet critical goal for improving the quality of online interactions. Although large language models (LLMs) show promise in rewriting toxic…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-22 Xintong Wang , Yixiao Liu , Jingheng Pan , Liang Ding , Longyue Wang , Chris Biemann

Large volumes of text data have contributed significantly to the development of large language models (LLMs) in recent years. This data is typically acquired by scraping the internet, leading to pretraining datasets comprised of noisy web…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-09-12 Max Marion , Ahmet Üstün , Luiza Pozzobon , Alex Wang , Marzieh Fadaee , Sara Hooker

The increasing prevalence of large language models (LLMs) has significantly advanced text generation, but the human-like quality of LLM outputs presents major challenges in reliably distinguishing between human-authored and LLM-generated…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-18 Zhen Tao , Yanfang Chen , Dinghao Xi , Zhiyu Li , Wei Xu

Large Language Models (LLMs) have stunningly advanced the field of machine translation, though their effectiveness within the financial domain remains largely underexplored. To probe this issue, we constructed a fine-grained Chinese-English…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-28 Yuxin Fu , Shijing Si , Leyi Mai , Xi-ang Li

We introduce Chinese Text in the Wild, a very large dataset of Chinese text in street view images. While optical character recognition (OCR) in document images is well studied and many commercial tools are available, detection and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2018-03-02 Tai-Ling Yuan , Zhe Zhu , Kun Xu , Cheng-Jun Li , Shi-Min Hu

Building high-quality data resources is crucial for advancing artificial intelligence research and applications in specific domains, particularly in the Chinese medical domain. Existing Chinese medical datasets are limited in size and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-22 Yuanhe Tian , Junjie Liu , Zhizhou Kou , Yuxiang Li , Yan Song

Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable capabilities across various applications, highlighting the urgent need for comprehensive safety evaluations. In particular, the enhanced Chinese language proficiency of LLMs,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-27 Shuyi Liu , Simiao Cui , Haoran Bu , Yuming Shang , Xi Zhang

With the increasing demand for substantial amounts of high-quality data to train large language models (LLMs), efficiently filtering large web corpora has become a critical challenge. For this purpose, KenLM, a lightweight n-gram-based…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-09-17 Yungi Kim , Hyunsoo Ha , Sukyung Lee , Jihoo Kim , Seonghoon Yang , Chanjun Park

Holistically measuring societal biases of large language models is crucial for detecting and reducing ethical risks in highly capable AI models. In this work, we present a Chinese Bias Benchmark dataset that consists of over 100K questions…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-06-29 Yufei Huang , Deyi Xiong

The unprecedented performance of large language models (LLMs) requires comprehensive and accurate evaluation. We argue that for LLMs evaluation, benchmarks need to be comprehensive and systematic. To this end, we propose the ZhuJiu…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-08-29 Baoli Zhang , Haining Xie , Pengfan Du , Junhao Chen , Pengfei Cao , Yubo Chen , Shengping Liu , Kang Liu , Jun Zhao

With the accelerating development of Large Language Models (LLMs), many LLMs are beginning to be used in the Chinese K-12 education domain. The integration of LLMs and education is getting closer and closer, however, there is currently no…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-01-30 Jinchang Hou , Chang Ao , Haihong Wu , Xiangtao Kong , Zhigang Zheng , Daijia Tang , Chengming Li , Xiping Hu , Ruifeng Xu , Shiwen Ni , Min Yang

Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly integrated into search services, providing direct answers that can reduce users' reliance on traditional result pages. Yet their factual reliability in non-English web ecosystems remains poorly…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-02-27 Geng Liu , Junjie Mu , Li Feng , Mengxiao Zhu , Francesco Pierri

Scaling laws predict that the performance of large language models improves with increasing model size and data size. In practice, pre-training has been relying on massive web crawls, using almost all data sources publicly available on the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-16 Thao Nguyen , Yang Li , Olga Golovneva , Luke Zettlemoyer , Sewoong Oh , Ludwig Schmidt , Xian Li

Pre-training text representations have led to significant improvements in many areas of natural language processing. The quality of these models benefits greatly from the size of the pretraining corpora as long as its quality is preserved.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-11-18 Guillaume Wenzek , Marie-Anne Lachaux , Alexis Conneau , Vishrav Chaudhary , Francisco Guzmán , Armand Joulin , Edouard Grave

Large language models have recently made tremendous progress in a variety of aspects, e.g., cross-task generalization, instruction following. Comprehensively evaluating the capability of large language models in multiple tasks is of great…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-05-23 Chuang Liu , Renren Jin , Yuqi Ren , Linhao Yu , Tianyu Dong , Xiaohan Peng , Shuting Zhang , Jianxiang Peng , Peiyi Zhang , Qingqing Lyu , Xiaowen Su , Qun Liu , Deyi Xiong

Large Language Models (LLMs) trained on historical web data inevitably become outdated. We investigate evaluation strategies and update methods for LLMs as new data becomes available. We introduce a web-scale dataset for time-continual…

Steel-LLM is a Chinese-centric language model developed from scratch with the goal of creating a high-quality, open-source model despite limited computational resources. Launched in March 2024, the project aimed to train a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-14 Qingshui Gu , Shu Li , Tianyu Zheng , Zhaoxiang Zhang

In this paper, we present DuReader_retrieval, a large-scale Chinese dataset for passage retrieval. DuReader_retrieval contains more than 90K queries and over 8M unique passages from a commercial search engine. To alleviate the shortcomings…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-11-16 Yifu Qiu , Hongyu Li , Yingqi Qu , Ying Chen , Qiaoqiao She , Jing Liu , Hua Wu , Haifeng Wang