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This chapter summarizes quantum computation, including the motivation for introducing quantum resources into computation and how quantum computation is done. Finally, this chapter articulates advantages and limitations of quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-02-11 Barry C Sanders

In this introductory chapter, we lay the groundwork for the rest of the book by providing a more detailed picture of the expected purpose, shape, and architecture of future grid systems. We structure the chapter in terms of six questions…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-01-03 Ian Foster , Carl Kesselman

In this paper we present an exhaustive description of the basic types of CNTFETs. In particular we review two models, already proposed by us, which allow an easy implementation in circuit simulators, both in analog and in digital…

Computational Physics · Physics 2015-11-05 Roberto Marani , Anna Gina Perri

Quantum networking is an emerging area with the potential to transform information processing and communications. In this paper, we present a brief introduction to quantum network control, an area in quantum networking dedicated to…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2024-07-30 Víctor Valls , Panagiotis Promponas , Leandros Tassiulas

The purpose of the present manuscript is to collect known results and present some new ones relating to nodal domains on graphs, with special emphasize on nodal counts. Several methods for counting nodal domains will be presented, and their…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2009-07-18 Ram Band , Idan Oren , Uzy Smilansky

The aim of this short note is mainly pedagogical. It summarizes some knowledge about Boolean satisfiability (SAT) and the P=NP? problem in an elementary mathematical language. A convenient scheme to visualize and manipulate CNF formulae is…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2014-08-15 Bernd R. Schuh

This brief note highlights some basic concepts required toward understanding the evolution of machine learning and deep learning models. The note starts with an overview of artificial intelligence and its relationship to biological neuron…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2017-11-20 Isa Inuwa-Dutse

In this article we present a generic interface to several next-to-leading order cross-section programs. This enables the user to implement his/her code once and make cross-checks with different programs.

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2007-05-23 Thomas Hadig , Gavin McCance

In this paper I describe the design of an introductory course in Human-Robot Interaction. This project-driven course is designed to introduce undergraduate and graduate engineering students, especially those enrolled in Computer Science,…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-03-25 Tom Williams

Creating linguistic annotations requires more than just a reliable annotation scheme. Annotation can be a complex endeavour potentially involving many people, stages, and tools. This chapter outlines the process of creating end-to-end…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2016-02-19 Mark A. Finlayson , Tomaž Erjavec

The transformer is a neural network component that can be used to learn useful representations of sequences or sets of data-points. The transformer has driven recent advances in natural language processing, computer vision, and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-21 Richard E. Turner

This document aims to be a self-contained, mathematically precise overview of transformer architectures and algorithms (*not* results). It covers what transformers are, how they are trained, what they are used for, their key architectural…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-07-26 Mary Phuong , Marcus Hutter

Bots are software systems designed to support users by automating a specific process, task, or activity. When such systems implement a conversational component to interact with the users, they are also known as conversational agents. Bots,…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-03-18 Stefano Lambiase , Gemma Catolino , Fabio Palomba , Filomena Ferrucci

These notes are a brief introduction to the RSA algorithm and modular arithmetic. They are intended for an undergraduate audience.

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2007-05-23 R. Milson

This chapter is a short pedagogical introduction to the use of quantum logic for the simulation of complex quantum systems, including a simulation example on actual quantum hardware.

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-12-01 Giuliano Benenti , Giulio Casati

This chapter aims to provide next-level understanding of the problems of the world and the solutions available to those problems, which lie very well within the domain of neural computing, and at the same time are intelligent in their…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2021-07-07 Ayushe Gangal , Peeyush Kumar , Sunita Kumari , Aditya Kumar

This paper provides an introduction to quantum machine learning, exploring the potential benefits of using quantum computing principles and algorithms that may improve upon classical machine learning approaches. Quantum computing utilizes…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-02-23 Ethan N. Evans , Dominic Byrne , Matthew G. Cook

Co-simulation consists of the theory and techniques to enable global simulation of a coupled system via the composition of simulators. Despite the large number of applications and growing interest in the challenges, the field remains…

Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science · Computer Science 2018-09-25 Cláudio Gomes , Casper Thule , Peter Gorm Larsen , Joachim Denil , Hans Vangheluwe

With a volatile labour and technological market, onboarding is becoming increasingly important. The process of incorporating a new developer, a.k.a. the newcomer, into a software development team is reckoned to be lengthy, frustrating and…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2021-04-15 Maider Azanza , Arantza Irastorza , Raul Medeiros , Oscar Díaz

There are plenty of excellent plotting libraries. Each excels at a different use case: one is good for printed 2D publication figures, the other at interactive 3D graphics, a third has excellent L A TEX integration or is good for creating…