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Reinforcement Learning (RL) techniques have been increasingly applied in optimizing control systems. However, their application in quantum systems is hampered by the challenge of performing closed-loop control due to the difficulty in…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-02-08 Tanmay Neema , Susmit Jha , Tuhin Sahai

Feedback loops are at the heart of most classical control procedures. A controller compares the signal measured by a sensor with the target value. It adjusts then an actuator in order to stabilize the signal towards its target. Generalizing…

Despite the numerous advances, reinforcement learning remains away from widespread acceptance for autonomous controller design as compared to classical methods due to lack of ability to effectively tackle the reality gap. The reliance on…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-09-23 Narendra Patwardhan , Zequn Wang

Feedback control of quantum mechanical systems must take into account the probabilistic nature of quantum measurement. We formulate quantum feedback control as a problem of stochastic nonlinear control by considering separately a quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Ramon van Handel , John K. Stockton , Hideo Mabuchi

Control and learning are key to technological advancement, both in the classical and quantum domains, yet their interrelationship is insufficiently clear in the literature, especially between classical and quantum definitions of control and…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-03-13 Seyed Shakib Vedaie , Archismita Dalal , Eduardo J. Páez , Barry C. Sanders

The application of quantum reinforcement learning (QRL) to real-time control systems faces significant challenges regarding hardware latency, noise susceptibility, and learning convergence. This work presents an end-to-end investigation of…

Recent progress in quantum machine learning has sparked interest in using quantum methods to tackle classical control problems via quantum reinforcement learning. However, the classical reinforcement learning environments often scale to…

We propose a scheme leveraging reinforcement learning to engineer control fields for generating non-classical states. It is exemplified by the application to prepare spin-squeezed states for an open collective spin model where a linear…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-06-17 X. L. Zhao , Y. M. Zhao , M. Li , T. T. Li , Q. Liu , S. Guo , X. X. Yi

Learning-based control methods typically assume stationary system dynamics, an assumption often violated in real-world systems due to drift, wear, or changing operating conditions. We study reinforcement learning for control under…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-03 Klemens Iten , Bruce Lee , Chenhao Li , Lenart Treven , Andreas Krause , Bhavya Sukhija

The ability to learn and execute optimal control policies safely is critical to realization of complex autonomy, especially where task restarts are not available and/or the systems are safety-critical. Safety requirements are often…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-10-06 S M Nahid Mahmud , Moad Abudia , Scott A Nivison , Zachary I. Bell , Rushikesh Kamalapurkar

We present a formulation of feedback in quantum systems in which the best estimates of the dynamical variables are obtained continuously from the measurement record, and fed back to control the system. We apply this method to the problem of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-10-31 A. C. Doherty , K. Jacobs

Measurement and estimation of parameters are essential for science and engineering, where one of the main quests is to find systematic schemes that can achieve high precision. While conventional schemes for quantum parameter estimation…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-04-29 Han Xu , Junning Li , Liqiang Liu , Yu Wang , Haidong Yuan , Xin Wang

Feedback-based quantum optimization is a quantum approach to combinatorial optimization. In this paper, we introduce the classical counterpart of feedback-based quantum optimization by using the quantum-classical correspondence of spin…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-14 Tomohiro Hattori , Takuya Hatomura

During their operation, due to shifts in environmental conditions, devices undergo various forms of detuning from their optimal settings. Typically, this is addressed through control loops, which monitor variables and the device…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-04-17 T. Crosta , L. Rebón , F. Vilariño , J. M. Matera , M. Bilkis

Quantum systems can be controlled by other quantum systems in a reversible way, without any information leaking to the outside of the system-controller compound. Such coherent quantum control is deterministic, is less noisy than…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-12-28 Thomas Konrad , Amy Rouillard , Michael Kastner , Hermann Uys

We study the problem of designing a state feedback linear quadratic Gaussian (LQG) controller for a system in which the system matrices as well as the process noise covariance are unknown. We do a rigorous comparison between two approaches.…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-11-13 Mingxiang Liu , Damián Marelli , Minyue Fu , Qianqian Cai

For the paradigmatic case of the damped quantum harmonic oscillator we present two measurement-based feedback schemes to control the stability of its fixed point. The first scheme feeds back a Pyragas-like time-delayed reference signal and…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-07-10 Philipp Strasberg , Gernot Schaller , Tobias Brandes

To control a quantum system via feedback, we generally have two options in choosing control scheme. One is the coherent feedback, which feeds the output field of the system, through a fully quantum device, back to manipulate the system…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2014-11-19 Naoki Yamamoto

A goal of the emerging field of quantum control is to develop methods for quantum technologies to function robustly in the presence of noise. Central issues are the fundamental limitations on the available information about quantum systems…

We show that applying feedback and weak measurements to a quantum system induces phase transitions beyond the dissipative ones. Feedback enables controlling essentially quantum properties of the transition, i.e., its critical exponent, as…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-01-08 D. A. Ivanov , T. Yu. Ivanova , S. F. Caballero-Benitez , I. B. Mekhov