Related papers: Spontaneous symmetry breaking in diffraction
Spontaneous symmetry breaking is a cornerstone of modern physics, defining a wealth of phenomena in condensed-matter and high-energy physics, and beyond. It requires an infinite number of degrees of freedom, and even then, for continuous…
In gratings travelling at nearly the velocity of light a symmetry breaking transition is observed between free-flowing fluid-like Bloch waves observed at lower grating velocities and, at luminal velocities, condensed, localised states of…
Spontaneous symmetry breaking occurs when the underlying laws of a physical system are symmetric, but the vacuum state chosen by the system is not. The (3+1)d $\phi^4$ theory is relatively simple compared to other more complex theories,…
We examine the hydrodynamics of systems with spontaneously broken multipolar symmetries using a systematic effective field theory. We focus on the simplest non-trivial setting: a system with charge and dipole symmetry, but without momentum…
We apply Noether's theorem to show how the invariances of conservative systems are broken for nonconservative systems, in the variational formulation of Galley. This formulation considers a conservative action, extended by the inclusion of…
The parity and Bloch theorems are generalized to the case of broken global symmetry. Local inversion or translation symmetries are shown to yield invariant currents that characterize wave propagation. These currents map the wave function…
Spontaneous symmetry breaking is a general principle, that constitutes the underlying concept of a vast number of physical phenomena ranging from ferromagnetism and superconductivity in condensed matter physics to the Higgs mechanism in the…
Bloch oscillations (BO) in complex lattices with PT symmetry are theoretically investigated with specific reference to optical BO in photonic lattices with gain/loss regions. Novel dynamical phenomena with no counterpart in ordinary…
By using zero-norm states in the spectrum, we explicitly demonstrate the existence of an infinite number of high energy symmetry structures of the closed bosonic string theory. Each symmetry transformation (except those generated by…
Spontaneous symmetry breaking is central to our understanding of physics and explains many natural phenomena, from cosmic scales to subatomic particles. Its use for applications requires devices with a high level of symmetry, but engineered…
We study a theory where the presence of an extra spin-two field coupled to gravity gives rise to a phase with spontaneously broken Lorentz symmetry. In this phase gravity is massive, and the Weak Equivalence Principle is respected. The…
The soft photon and soft graviton theorems of Weinberg are known to derive from conservation laws associated with asymptotic symmetries. Within the corresponding classical theories, one often speaks of spontaneous symmetry breaking and…
We study waves governed by the planar Helmholtz equation, propagating in an infinite lattice of subwavelength Dirichlet scatterers, the periodicity being comparable to the wavelength. Applying the method of matched asymptotic expansions,…
The band gap, a key concept in solid-state physics, is traditionally explained by the Bragg diffraction of electron waves in the periodic potential of a crystal. Although widely accepted, this framework raises fundamental issues in…
We discuss the phenomenon of spontaneous symmetry breaking by means of a class of non-perturbative renormalization group flow equations which employ a regulating smearing function in the proper-time integration. We show, both analytically…
Perhaps the most important aspect of symmetry in physics is the idea that a state does not need to have the same symmetries as the theory that describes it. This phenomenon is known as spontaneous symmetry breaking. In these lecture notes,…
Bloch oscillations of spatio-temporal light wave packets in arrays of nonlinear fibers with high-order dispersion are studied. The light wave experiences discrete spatial diffraction along the waveguide array coordinate together with…
We propose a framework to understand the unprecedented performance and robustness of deep neural networks using field theory. Correlations between the weights within the same layer can be described by symmetries in that layer, and networks…
Cold atoms in an optical lattice provide an ideal platform for studying Bloch oscillations. Here, we extend Bloch oscillations to two superposed optical lattices that are accelerated away from one another, and for the first time show that…
A quantum gravity theory which becomes renormalizable at short distances due to a spontaneous symmetry breaking of Lorentz invariance and diffeomorphism invariance is studied. A breaking of Lorentz invariance with the breaking patterns…