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In-context learning enables transformer models to generalize to new tasks based solely on input prompts, without any need for weight updates. However, existing training paradigms typically rely on large, unstructured datasets that are…

Transformers based on the attention mechanism have achieved impressive success in various areas. However, the attention mechanism has a quadratic complexity, significantly impeding Transformers from dealing with numerous tokens and scaling…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-06-17 Haixu Wu , Jialong Wu , Jiehui Xu , Jianmin Wang , Mingsheng Long

We introduce a simple but flexible mechanism to learn an intermediate plan to ground the generation of abstractive summaries. Specifically, we prepend (or prompt) target summaries with entity chains -- ordered sequences of entities…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-09-07 Shashi Narayan , Yao Zhao , Joshua Maynez , Gonçalo Simoes , Vitaly Nikolaev , Ryan McDonald

Meeting summarization has become a critical task considering the increase in online interactions. While new techniques are introduced regularly, their evaluation uses metrics not designed to capture meeting-specific errors, undermining…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-19 Frederic Kirstein , Jan Philip Wahle , Terry Ruas , Bela Gipp

Normalizing flow-based generative models have been widely used in applications where the exact density estimation is of major importance. Recent research proposes numerous methods to improve their expressivity. However, conditioning on a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-04 Denis Gudovskiy , Tomoyuki Okuno , Yohei Nakata

With recent advancements in the area of Natural Language Processing, the focus is slowly shifting from a purely English-centric view towards more language-specific solutions, including German. Especially practical for businesses to analyze…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-01-18 Dennis Aumiller , Jing Fan , Michael Gertz

Multimodal summarization requires models to jointly understand textual and visual inputs to generate concise, semantically coherent summaries. Existing methods often inject shallow visual features into deep language models, leading to…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-13 Abid Ali , Diego Molla-Aliod , Usman Naseem

Dataset condensation aims to synthesize datasets with a few representative samples that can effectively represent the original datasets. This enables efficient training and produces models with performance close to those trained on the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-05 Boyan Gao , Bo Zhao , Shreyank N Gowda , Xingrun Xing , Yibo Yang , Timothy Hospedales , David A. Clifton

This paper presents Z-Code++, a new pre-trained language model optimized for abstractive text summarization. The model extends the state of the art encoder-decoder model using three techniques. First, we use a two-phase pre-training process…

Abstractive summarization has been studied using neural sequence transduction methods with datasets of large, paired document-summary examples. However, such datasets are rare and the models trained from them do not generalize to other…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-05-24 Eric Chu , Peter J. Liu

In this paper, we present a novel unsupervised video summarization model that requires no manual annotation. The proposed model termed Cycle-SUM adopts a new cycle-consistent adversarial LSTM architecture that can effectively maximize the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2019-04-18 Li Yuan , Francis EH Tay , Ping Li , Li Zhou , Jiashi Feng

The increasing volume of video content in educational, professional, and social domains necessitates effective summarization techniques that go beyond traditional unimodal approaches. This paper proposes a behaviour-aware multimodal video…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-07-01 Md Moinul Islam , Sofoklis Kakouros , Janne Heikkilä , Mourad Oussalah

The advent of large language models (LLMs) has significantly advanced natural language processing tasks like text summarization. However, their large size and computational demands, coupled with privacy concerns in data transmission, limit…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-03-18 Pengcheng Jiang , Cao Xiao , Zifeng Wang , Parminder Bhatia , Jimeng Sun , Jiawei Han

Sports game summarization aims to generate news articles from live text commentaries. A recent state-of-the-art work, SportsSum, not only constructs a large benchmark dataset, but also proposes a two-step framework. Despite its great…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-10-13 Jiaan Wang , Zhixu Li , Qiang Yang , Jianfeng Qu , Zhigang Chen , Qingsheng Liu , Guoping Hu

Text summarization aims to condense long documents and retain key information. Critical to the success of a summarization model is the faithful inference of latent representations of words or tokens in the source documents. Most recent…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-03-16 Bo Pang , Erik Nijkamp , Wojciech Kryściński , Silvio Savarese , Yingbo Zhou , Caiming Xiong

In this paper, we focus on the problem of applying the transformer structure to video captioning effectively. The vanilla transformer is proposed for uni-modal language generation task such as machine translation. However, video captioning…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-07-24 Tao Jin , Siyu Huang , Ming Chen , Yingming Li , Zhongfei Zhang

Flow matching (FM) learns vector fields by regressing stochastic velocity targets along intermediate distributions $p_t$. We identify a geometric optimization bottleneck in this regression problem: when the covariance $\Sigma_t$ of $p_t$ is…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-14 Shadab Ahamed , Eshed Gal , Md Shahriar Rahim Siddiqui , Simon Ghyselincks , Moshe Eliasof , Eldad Haber

Reinforcement learning has emerged as a promising paradigm for aligning diffusion and flow-matching models with human preferences, yet practitioners face fragmented codebases, model-specific implementations, and engineering complexity. We…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-17 Bowen Ping , Chengyou Jia , Minnan Luo , Hangwei Qian , Ivor Tsang

Despite the seeming success of contemporary grounded text generation systems, they often tend to generate factually inconsistent text with respect to their input. This phenomenon is emphasized in tasks like summarization, in which the…

Deep learning models are being used for the analysis of parametric statistical models based on simulation-only frameworks. Bayesian models using normalizing flows simulate data from a prior distribution and are composed of two deep neural…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2026-03-12 Stefan Böhringer