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Modern dense information retrieval (IR) models usually rely on costly large-scale pretraining. In this paper, we introduce LLM2IR, an efficient unsupervised contrastive learning framework to convert any decoder-only large language model…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-01-12 Xiaocong Yang

Legal professionals often grapple with navigating lengthy legal judgements to pinpoint information that directly address their queries. This paper focus on this task of extracting relevant paragraphs from legal judgements based on the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-02 T. Y. S. S Santosh , Elvin Quero Hernandez , Matthias Grabmair

The research field of Legal Natural Language Processing (NLP) has been very active recently, with Legal Judgment Prediction (LJP) becoming one of the most extensively studied tasks. To date, most publicly released LJP datasets originate…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-11-02 Gil Semo , Dor Bernsohn , Ben Hagag , Gila Hayat , Joel Niklaus

We classify and re-examine some of the current approaches to improve the performance-computes trade-off of language models, including (1) non-causal models (such as masked language models), (2) extension of batch length with efficient…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-09-16 Aran Komatsuzaki

Code search is an important information retrieval application. Benefits of better code search include faster new developer on-boarding, reduced software maintenance, and ease of understanding for large repositories. Despite improvements in…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-10-02 Lucas Roberts , Denisa Roberts

Hierarchical neural architectures are often used to capture long-distance dependencies and have been applied to many document-level tasks such as summarization, document segmentation, and sentiment analysis. However, effective usage of such…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-01-29 Ming-Wei Chang , Kristina Toutanova , Kenton Lee , Jacob Devlin

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) has emerged as a promising technology for legal document consultation, yet its application in Chinese legal scenarios faces two key limitations: existing benchmarks lack specialized support for joint…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-13 Yaocong Li , Qiang Lan , Leihan Zhang , Le Zhang

The task of Prior Case Retrieval (PCR) in the legal domain is about automatically citing relevant (based on facts and precedence) prior legal cases in a given query case. To further promote research in PCR, in this paper, we propose a new…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2023-07-12 Abhinav Joshi , Akshat Sharma , Sai Kiran Tanikella , Ashutosh Modi

Large language models (LLMs) have made notable progress in logical reasoning, yet still fall short of human-level performance. Current boosting strategies rely on expert-crafted in-domain demonstrations, limiting their applicability in…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-08 Jianzhi Yan , Zhiming Li , Le Liu , Zike Yuan , Shiwei Chen , Youcheng Pan , Buzhou Tang , Yang Xiang , Danny Dongning Sun

Large-scale models are pretrained on massive web-crawled datasets containing documents of mixed quality, making data filtering essential. A popular method is Classifier-based Quality Filtering (CQF), which trains a binary classifier to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-03 Thiziri Nait Saada , Louis Bethune , Michal Klein , David Grangier , Marco Cuturi , Pierre Ablin

Legal rules encompass not only codified statutes but also implicit adjudicatory principles derived from precedents that contain discretionary norms, social morality, and policy. While computational legal research has advanced in applying…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-21 Wei Fan , Tianshi Zheng , Yiran Hu , Zheye Deng , Weiqi Wang , Baixuan Xu , Chunyang Li , Haoran Li , Weixing Shen , Yangqiu Song

Pretrained transformer models have achieved state-of-the-art results in many tasks and benchmarks recently. Many state-of-the-art Language Models (LMs), however, do not scale well above the threshold of 512 input tokens. In specialized…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-12-01 Joel Niklaus , Daniele Giofré

Most state-of-the-art techniques for Language Models (LMs) today rely on transformer-based architectures and their ubiquitous attention mechanism. However, the exponential growth in computational requirements with longer input sequences…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-11-26 Kaustubh Ponkshe , Venkatapathy Subramanian , Natwar Modani , Ganesh Ramakrishnan

While Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated impressive general capabilities, their direct application in the legal domain is often hindered by a lack of precise domain knowledge and complexity of performing rigorous multi-step…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-04 Haitao Li , Yifan Chen , Shuo Miao , Qian Dong , Jia Chen , Yiran Hu , Junjie Chen , Minghao Qin , Yueyue Wu , Yujia Zhou , Qingyao Ai , Yiqun Liu , Cheng Luo , Quan Zhou , Ya Zhang , Jikun Hu

Document retrieval for tasks such as search and retrieval-augmented generation typically involves datasets that are unstructured: free-form text without explicit internal structure in each document. However, documents can have a structured…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-04-18 Millicent Li , Tongfei Chen , Benjamin Van Durme , Patrick Xia

While interests in tabular deep learning has significantly grown, conventional tree-based models still outperform deep learning methods. To narrow this performance gap, we explore the innovative retrieval mechanism, a methodology that…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-11-14 Felix den Breejen , Sangmin Bae , Stephen Cha , Tae-Young Kim , Seoung Hyun Koh , Se-Young Yun

Legal document summarization represents a significant advancement towards improving judicial efficiency through the automation of key information detection. Our approach leverages state-of-the-art natural language processing techniques to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-28 Yongjie Li , Ruilin Nong , Jianan Liu , Lucas Evans

Automating information extraction from form-like documents at scale is a pressing need due to its potential impact on automating business workflows across many industries like financial services, insurance, and healthcare. The key challenge…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-01-14 Beliz Gunel , Navneet Potti , Sandeep Tata , James B. Wendt , Marc Najork , Jing Xie

Despite the recent advancement in Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) systems, most retrieval methodologies are often developed for factual retrieval, which assumes query and positive documents are semantically similar. In this paper, we…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-04-10 Luo Ji , Feixiang Guo , Teng Chen , Qingqing Gu , Xiaoyu Wang , Ningyuan Xi , Yihong Wang , Peng Yu , Yue Zhao , Hongyang Lei , Zhonglin Jiang , Yong Chen

Large Language Models (LLMs) have significantly advanced the field of information retrieval, particularly for reranking. Listwise LLM rerankers have showcased superior performance and generalizability compared to existing supervised…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-06-25 Revanth Gangi Reddy , JaeHyeok Doo , Yifei Xu , Md Arafat Sultan , Deevya Swain , Avirup Sil , Heng Ji