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Triple Modular Redundancy (TMR) is a suitable fault tolerant technique for SRAM-based FPGA. However, one of the main challenges in achieving 100% robustness in designs protected by TMR running on programmable platforms is to prevent upsets…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2011-11-09 F. Lima Kastensmidt , L. Sterpone , L. Carro , M. Sonza Reorda

Despite its maturity, the field of fault-tolerant redundancy suffers from significant terminological fragmentation, where functionally equivalent methods are frequently described under disparate names across academic and industrial domains.…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-03-17 Lukas Flad , Mark Leyer , Felix Sebastian Nitz , Tobias Krawutschke

For critical applications that require a higher level of reliability, the Triple Modular Redundancy (TMR) scheme is usually employed to implement fault-tolerant arithmetic units. However, this method imposes a significant area and…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2024-10-29 Jafar Vafaei , Omid Akbari

Triple Modular Redundancy (TMR) is one of the most common techniques in fault-tolerant systems, in which the output is determined by a majority voter. However, the design diversity of replicated modules and/or soft errors that are more…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2023-07-06 Jafar Vafaei , Omid Akbari , Muhammad Shafique , Christian Hochberger

Hazard radiation can lead the system fault therefore Fault Tolerance is required. Fault Tolerant is a system, which is designed to keep operations running, despite the degradation in the specific module is happening. Many fault tolerances…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2014-03-11 Haryono , Jazi Eko Istiyanto , Agus Harjoko , Agfianto Eko Putra

Effects of radiation on electronic circuits used in extra-terrestrial applications and radiation prone environments need to be corrected. Since FPGAs offer flexibility, the effects of radiation on them need to be studied and robust methods…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2013-11-06 Aditya Srinivas Timmaraju , Aniket Anand Deshmukh , Mohammed Amir Khan , Zafar Ali Khan

SRAM-based FPGAs are popular in the aerospace industry for their field programmability and low cost. However, they suffer from cosmic radiation-induced Single Event Upsets (SEUs). Triple Modular Redundancy (TMR) is a well-known technique to…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2019-10-09 Khaza Anuarul Hoque , Otmane Ait Mohamed , Yvon Savaria

Two-Phase TMR conserves energy by partitioning redundancy operations into two stages and making the execution of the third task copy optional, yet it remains susceptible to permanent faults. Reactive-TMR (R-TMR) counters this by isolating…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-10-30 Yiming Hu

To cope with the soft errors and make full use of the multi-core system, this paper gives an efficient fault-tolerant hardware and software co-designed architecture for multi-core systems. And with a not large number of test patterns, it…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2016-09-08 Bingbing Xia , Fei Qiao , Huazhong Yang , Hui Wang

Reliability is necessary in safety-critical applications spanning numerous domains. Conventional hardware-based fault tolerance techniques, such as component redundancy, ensure reliability, typically at the expense of significantly…

Hierarchical application of Triple-Modular Redundancy (TMR) increases fault tolerance of digital Integrated Circuit (IC). In this paper, a simple probabilistic model was proposed for analysis of fault masking performance of hierarchical TMR…

Other Computer Science · Computer Science 2009-02-03 B. Baykant Alagoz

We present a new approach to fault tolerance for High Performance Computing system. Our approach is based on a careful adaptation of the Algorithmic Based Fault Tolerance technique (Huang and Abraham, 1984) to the need of parallel…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2008-06-20 George Bosilca , Remi Delmas , Jack Dongarra , Julien Langou

Fault tolerance is essential for building reliable services; however, it comes at the price of redundancy, mainly the "replication factor" and "diversity". With the increasing reliance on Internet-based services, more machines (mainly…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2016-10-04 Ali Shoker

As more the communications and signal process we use in the today life the more we intend to develop more reliable devices which gives fewer errors due to transient fault, So we use a technique called 5-modular redundancy to generate fewer…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-04-18 Sathvik Reddy O , Sakthivel SM

The CMOS integrated chips at advanced technology nodes are becoming more vulnerable to various sources of faults like manufacturing imprecisions, variations, aging, etc. Additionally, the intentional fault attacks (e.g., high power…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2018-07-08 Naveen Kumar Macha , Bhavana Tejaswini Repalle , Sandeep Geedipally , Rafael Rios , Mostafizur Rahman

A new majority and minority voted redundancy (MMR) scheme is proposed that can provide the same degree of fault tolerance as N-modular redundancy (NMR) but with fewer function units and a less sophisticated voting logic. Example NMR and MMR…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2019-01-29 P Balasubramanian , D L Maskell , N E Mastorakis

Approximate computing (AC) leverages the inherent error resilience and is used in many big-data applications from various domains such as multimedia, computer vision, signal processing, and machine learning to improve systems performance…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2022-05-24 Farah Ferdaus , B. M. S. Bahar Talukder , Md Tauhidur Rahman

Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) have become integral in safety-critical applications, thus raising concerns about their fault tolerance. Conventional hardware-dependent fault tolerance methods, such as Triple Modular Redundancy (TMR),…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-20 Mohammad Hasan Ahmadilivani , Seyedhamidreza Mousavi , Jaan Raik , Masoud Daneshtalab , Maksim Jenihhin

Mission-critical and safety-critical applications generally tend to incorporate triple modular redundancy (TMR) to embed fault tolerance in their physical implementations. In a TMR realization, an original function block, which may be a…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2020-08-14 P Balasubramanian , D L Maskell , N E Mastorakis

Space Cyber-Physical Systems (S-CPS) such as spacecraft and satellites strongly rely on the reliability of onboard computers to guarantee the success of their missions. Relying solely on radiation-hardened technologies is extremely…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-01-12 Michael Rogenmoser , Yvan Tortorella , Davide Rossi , Francesco Conti , Luca Benini
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