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The introduction of large language models (LLMs) has greatly enhanced the capabilities of software agents. Instead of relying on rule-based interactions, agents can now interact in flexible ways akin to humans. However, this flexibility…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2026-02-04 Joar Sabel , Mattias Wingren , Andreas Lundell , Sören Andersson , Sara Rosenberg , Susanne Hägglund , Linda Estman , Malin Andtfolk

With recent advancements in natural language processing, Large Language Models (LLMs) have emerged as powerful tools for various real-world applications. Despite their prowess, the intrinsic generative abilities of LLMs may prove…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-12-30 Jingqing Ruan , Yihong Chen , Bin Zhang , Zhiwei Xu , Tianpeng Bao , Guoqing Du , Shiwei Shi , Hangyu Mao , Ziyue Li , Xingyu Zeng , Rui Zhao

The improvement of economic policymaking presents an opportunity for broad societal benefit, a notion that has inspired research towards AI-driven policymaking tools. AI policymaking holds the potential to surpass human performance through…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-10-14 Henry Gasztowtt , Benjamin Smith , Vincent Zhu , Qinxun Bai , Edwin Zhang

Dialogue-based language models mark a huge milestone in the field of artificial intelligence, by their impressive ability to interact with users, as well as a series of challenging tasks prompted by customized instructions. However, the…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-04-26 Rui Hao , Linmei Hu , Weijian Qi , Qingliu Wu , Yirui Zhang , Liqiang Nie

Task oriented dialogue systems (TOD) complete particular tasks based on user preferences across natural language interactions. Considering the impressive performance of large language models (LLMs) in natural language processing (NLP)…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-08 Arezoo Saedi , Afsaneh Fatemi , Mohammad Ali Nematbakhsh , Sophie Rosset , Anne Vilnat

Dialog management (DM) is a crucial component in a task-oriented dialog system. Given the dialog history, DM predicts the dialog state and decides the next action that the dialog agent should take. Recently, dialog policy learning has been…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-10-26 Yinpei Dai , Huihua Yu , Yixuan Jiang , Chengguang Tang , Yongbin Li , Jian Sun

We propose a multi-agent framework for modeling artificial consciousness in large language models (LLMs), grounded in psychoanalytic theory. Our \textbf{Psychodynamic Model} simulates self-awareness, preconsciousness, and unconsciousness…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-22 Sang Hun Kim , Jongmin Lee , Dongkyu Park , So Young Lee , Yosep Chong

With the rapid development of Large Language Models (LLMs), LLM-based agents have been widely adopted in various fields, becoming essential for autonomous decision-making and interactive tasks. However, current work typically relies on…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-25 Shangheng Du , Jiabao Zhao , Jinxin Shi , Zhentao Xie , Xin Jiang , Yanhong Bai , Liang He

Large language models (LLMs) demonstrate their promise in tackling complicated practical challenges by combining action-based policies with chain of thought (CoT) reasoning. Having high-quality prompts on hand, however, is vital to the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-03-01 Xue Yan , Yan Song , Xinyu Cui , Filippos Christianos , Haifeng Zhang , David Henry Mguni , Jun Wang

Proactive dialogue has emerged as a critical and challenging research problem in advancing large language models (LLMs). Existing works predominantly focus on domain-specific or task-oriented scenarios, which leads to fragmented evaluations…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-29 Tianjian Liu , Fanqi Wan , Jiajian Guo , Xiaojun Quan

Dialogue plays a crucial role in educational settings, yet existing evaluation methods for educational applications of large language models (LLMs) primarily focus on technical performance or learning outcomes, often neglecting attention to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-21 Liqun He , Manolis Mavrikis , Mutlu Cukurova

Leveraging more test-time computation has proven to be an effective way to boost the reasoning capabilities of large language models (LLMs). Among various methods, the verify-and-improve paradigm stands out for enabling dynamic solution…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-11 Yurun Yuan , Tengyang Xie

When automating plan generation for a real-world sequential decision problem, the goal is often not to replace the human planner, but to facilitate an iterative reasoning and elicitation process, where the human's role is to guide the AI…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-10 Guilhem Fouilhé , Rebecca Eifler , Antonin Poché , Sylvie Thiébaux , Nicholas Asher

Building a dialogue system that can communicate naturally with humans is a challenging yet interesting problem of agent-based computing. The rapid growth in this area is usually hindered by the long-standing problem of data scarcity as…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-04-23 Munazza Zaib , Quan Z. Sheng , Wei Emma Zhang

In multi-agent tasks, the central challenge lies in the dynamic adaptation of strategies. However, directly conditioning on opponents' strategies is intractable in the prevalent deep reinforcement learning paradigm due to a fundamental…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2025-12-25 Yue Lin , Shuhui Zhu , Wenhao Li , Ang Li , Dan Qiao , Pascal Poupart , Hongyuan Zha , Baoxiang Wang

Large Language Model (LLM) agents are increasingly deployed in settings where they interact with a wide variety of people, including users who are unclear, impatient, or reluctant to share information. However, collecting real interaction…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-14 Harshita Chopra , Kshitish Ghate , Aylin Caliskan , Tadayoshi Kohno , Chirag Shah , Natasha Jaques

Enhancing the reasoning capabilities of large language models (LLMs) is crucial for enabling them to tackle complex, multi-step problems. Multi-agent frameworks have shown great potential in enhancing LLMs' reasoning capabilities. However,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-10-29 Danqing Wang , Zhuorui Ye , Fei Fang , Lei Li

There has been considerable progress made towards conversational models that generate coherent and fluent responses; however, this often involves training large language models on large dialogue datasets, such as Reddit. These large…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-10-12 Andrea Madotto , Etsuko Ishii , Zhaojiang Lin , Sumanth Dathathri , Pascale Fung

The growing popularity of social deduction games has created an increasing need for intelligent frameworks where humans can collaborate with AI agents, particularly in post-pandemic contexts with heightened psychological and social…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-12 Qihui Fan , Wenbo Li , Enfu Nan , Yixiao Chen , Lei Lu , Pu Zhao , Yanzhi Wang

Recent advancements in large language models (LLMs) have shown promise in generating psychotherapeutic dialogues, particularly in the context of motivational interviewing (MI). However, the inherent lack of transparency in LLM outputs…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-18 Xin Sun , Xiao Tang , Abdallah El Ali , Zhuying Li , Pengjie Ren , Jan de Wit , Jiahuan Pei , Jos A. Bosch