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Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated impressive mathematical reasoning capabilities, yet their performance remains brittle to minor variations in problem description and prompting strategy. Furthermore, reasoning is vulnerable to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-23 Sam Silver , Jimin Sun , Ivan Zhang , Sara Hooker , Eddie Kim

Over the past decade, there has been extensive research aimed at enhancing the robustness of neural networks, yet this problem remains vastly unsolved. Here, one major impediment has been the overestimation of the robustness of new defense…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-10-31 Leo Schwinn , David Dobre , Stephan Günnemann , Gauthier Gidel

Prompt engineering is an essential technique for enhancing the abilities of large language models (LLMs) by providing explicit and specific instructions. It enables LLMs to excel in various tasks, such as arithmetic reasoning, question…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-03-29 Fobo Shi , Peijun Qing , Dong Yang , Nan Wang , Youbo Lei , Haonan Lu , Xiaodong Lin , Duantengchuan Li

Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable capabilities in code-related tasks, particularly in automated program repair. However, the effectiveness of such repairs is highly dependent on the performance of upstream fault…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-10-24 YingJian Xiao , RongQun Hu , WeiWei Gong , HongWei Li , AnQuan Jie

Visual Language Models (VLMs) have achieved remarkable progress, yet their reliability under small, meaning-preserving input changes remains poorly understood. We present the first large-scale, systematic study of VLM robustness to benign…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-17 Amir Rosenfeld , Neta Glazer , Ethan Fetaya

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated exceptional abilities across a broad range of language-related tasks, including generating solutions to complex reasoning problems. An effective technique to enhance LLM performance is…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-25 Shuzhang Cai , Twumasi Mensah-Boateng , Xander Kuksov , Jing Yuan , Shaojie Tang

Large language models (LLMs) can be used as accessible and intelligent chatbots by constructing natural language queries and directly inputting the prompt into the large language model. However, different prompt' constructions often lead to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-12-14 Jinta Weng , Jiarui Zhang , Yue Hu , Daidong Fa , Xiaofeng Xuand , Heyan Huang

Large language models are highly sensitive to prompts, but this sensitivity is usually studied through task-relevant instructions, demonstrations, or reasoning cues. In this paper, we study a different form of prompt sensitivity: whether…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-29 Pawel Batorski , Abtin Pourhadi , Jerzy Sarosiek , Przemyslaw Spurek , Paul Swoboda

A Large Language Model (LLM) tends to generate inconsistent and sometimes contradictory outputs when presented with a prompt that has equivalent semantics but is expressed differently from the original prompt. To achieve semantic…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-01-22 Jingyuan Yang , Dapeng Chen , Yajing Sun , Rongjun Li , Zhiyong Feng , Wei Peng

In recent years, Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable proficiency in comprehending and generating natural language, with a growing prevalence in the domain of recommendation systems. However, LLMs still face a…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-12-13 Xinyu Li , Chuang Zhao , Hongke Zhao , Likang Wu , Ming HE

Prompt engineering has emerged as a critical component in optimizing large language models (LLMs) for domain-specific tasks. However, the role of prompt specificity, especially in domains like STEM (physics, chemistry, biology, computer…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-26 Dimitri Schreiter

Transformers have been shown to be able to perform deductive reasoning on a logical rulebase containing rules and statements written in English natural language. While the progress is promising, it is currently unclear if these models…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-11-09 Soumya Sanyal , Zeyi Liao , Xiang Ren

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated exceptional proficiency in instruction-following, becoming increasingly crucial across various applications. However, this capability brings with it the risk of prompt injection attacks, where…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-11-28 Zekun Li , Baolin Peng , Pengcheng He , Xifeng Yan

People increasingly use large language models (LLMs) for everyday moral and interpersonal guidance, yet these systems cannot interrogate missing context and judge dilemmas as presented. We introduce a perturbation framework for testing the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-09 Tom van Nuenen , Pratik S. Sachdeva

Warning: This paper contains examples of stereotypes and biases. Large Language Models (LLMs) exhibit considerable social biases, and various studies have tried to evaluate and mitigate these biases accurately. Previous studies use…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-04 Rem Hida , Masahiro Kaneko , Naoaki Okazaki

Fine-tuning pretrained language models (PLMs) on downstream tasks has become common practice in natural language processing. However, most of the PLMs are vulnerable, e.g., they are brittle under adversarial attacks or imbalanced data,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-05-03 Shoujie Tong , Qingxiu Dong , Damai Dai , Yifan song , Tianyu Liu , Baobao Chang , Zhifang Sui

Large Language Models (LLMs) increasingly rely on automatic prompt engineering in graphical user interfaces (GUIs) to refine user inputs and enhance response accuracy. However, the diversity of user requirements often leads to unintended…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-24 Chong Zhang , Xiang Li , Jia Wang , Shan Liang , Haochen Xue , Xiaobo Jin

This paper investigates the utilization of Large Language Models (LLMs) for solving complex linguistic puzzles, a domain requiring advanced reasoning and adept translation capabilities akin to human cognitive processes. We explore specific…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-04 Zheng-Lin Lin , Yu-Fei Shih , Shu-Kai Hsieh

Large Language Models (LLMs) have recently been shown to produce estimates of psycholinguistic norms, such as valence, arousal, or concreteness, for words and multiword expressions, that correlate with human judgments. These estimates are…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-13 Thomas Hikaru Clark , Carlos Arriaga , Javier Conde , Gonzalo Martínez , Pedro Reviriego

Large Language Models (LLMs) have recently demonstrated strong capabilities in code-related tasks, but their robustness in code reasoning under perturbations remains underexplored. We introduce CodeCrash, a stress-testing framework with…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-14 Man Ho Lam , Chaozheng Wang , Jen-tse Huang , Michael R. Lyu