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Large language models have achieved remarkable success, but their extensive parameter size necessitates substantial memory for training, thereby setting a high threshold. While the recently proposed low-memory optimization (LOMO) reduces…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-07 Kai Lv , Hang Yan , Qipeng Guo , Haijun Lv , Xipeng Qiu

As Large Language Models (LLMs) increasingly shape online content, removing targeted information from well-trained LLMs (also known as LLM unlearning) has become critical for web governance. A key challenge lies in sample-wise imbalance…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-10 Pengyang Shao , Naixin Zhai , Lei Chen , Yonghui Yang , Fengbin Zhu , Xun Yang , Meng Wang

LLMs have seen rapid adoption in all domains. They need to be trained on high-end high-performance computing (HPC) infrastructures and ingest massive amounts of input data. Unsurprisingly, at such a large scale, unexpected events (e.g.,…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2024-06-18 Avinash Maurya , Robert Underwood , M. Mustafa Rafique , Franck Cappello , Bogdan Nicolae

Despite very fast progress, efficiently training large language models (LLMs) in very long contexts remains challenging. Existing methods fall back to training LLMs with short contexts (a maximum of a few thousands tokens in training) and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-01-03 Xingzi Xu , Amir Tavanaei , Kavosh Asadi , Karim Bouyarmane

The impressive performance of Large Language Models (LLMs) across various natural language processing tasks comes at the cost of vast computational resources and storage requirements. One-shot pruning techniques offer a way to alleviate…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-09 Xiang Meng , Kayhan Behdin , Haoyue Wang , Rahul Mazumder

While long-context large language models (LLMs) exhibit remarkable document processing capabilities, their prohibitively high training costs often hinder customized applications. To mitigate this issue, we propose \textit{Sequential…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-23 Wenhao Li , Yuxin Zhang , Gen Luo , Daohai Yu , Rongrong Ji

Large language models (LLMs) are notoriously memory-intensive during training, particularly with the popular AdamW optimizer. This memory burden necessitates using more or higher-end GPUs or reducing batch sizes, limiting training…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-18 Hanqing Zhu , Zhenyu Zhang , Wenyan Cong , Xi Liu , Sem Park , Vikas Chandra , Bo Long , David Z. Pan , Zhangyang Wang , Jinwon Lee

Reinforcement learning (RL) has become a key training step for improving mathematical reasoning in large language models (LLMs), but it often has high GPU memory usage, which makes it hard to use in settings with limited resources. To…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-11 Zhishen Sun , Sizhe Dang , Guang Dai , Haishan Ye

Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable success as foundational models, benefiting various downstream applications through fine-tuning. Recent studies on loss scaling have demonstrated the superior performance of larger…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2023-12-25 Sajal Dash , Isaac Lyngaas , Junqi Yin , Xiao Wang , Romain Egele , Guojing Cong , Feiyi Wang , Prasanna Balaprakash

LLM-based optimization has shown remarkable potential in enhancing agentic systems. However, the conventional approach of prompting LLM optimizer with the whole training trajectories on training dataset in a single pass becomes untenable as…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-08 Jiale Liu , Yifan Zeng , Shaokun Zhang , Chi Zhang , Malte Højmark-Bertelsen , Marie Normann Gadeberg , Huazheng Wang , Qingyun Wu

Zeroth-order optimizers have recently emerged as a practical approach for fine-tuning large language models (LLMs), significantly reducing GPU memory consumption compared to traditional first-order methods. Yet, existing zeroth-order…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-02 Kairun Zhang , Haoyu Li , Yanjun Zhao , Yifan Sun , Huan Zhang

Training large language models is generally done via optimization methods on clusters containing tens of thousands of accelerators, communicating over a high-bandwidth interconnect. Scaling up these clusters is expensive and can become…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-13 Jari Kolehmainen , Nikolay Blagoev , John Donaghy , Oğuzhan Ersoy , Christopher Nies

Federated fine-tuning offers a promising approach for tuning Large Language Models (LLMs) on edge devices while preserving data privacy. However, fine-tuning these models on edge devices remains challenging due to high memory,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-19 Mohamed Aboelenien Ahmed , Kilian Pfeiffer , Ramin Khalili , Heba Khdr , Jörg Henkel

The rapid advancement of large-language models (LLMs) has driven extensive research into parameter compression after training has been completed, yet compression during the training phase remains largely unexplored. In this work, we…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-19 Jun Wu , Jiangtao Wen , Yuxing Han

Training Large Language Models (LLMs) is plagued by long training times and massive energy consumption, with modern models requiring months of computation and gigawatt-hours of electricity. In light of these challenges,we introduce…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-06 Nii Osae Osae Dade , Moinul Hossain Rahat

Post training quantization is essential for deploying large language models (LLMs) on resource constrained hardware, yet state of the art methods enforce uniform bit widths across layers, yielding suboptimal accuracy efficiency trade offs.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-19 Arpit Singh Gautam , Saurabh Jha

Fine-tuning is essential to adapt general-purpose large language models (LLMs) to domain-specific tasks. As a privacy-preserving framework to leverage decentralized data for collaborative model training, Federated Learning (FL) is gaining…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-04 Guohao Yang , Tongle Wu , Yuanxiong Guo , Ying Sun , Yanmin Gong

Large language model (LLM) training and finetuning are often bottlenecked by limited GPU memory. While existing projection-based optimization methods address this by projecting gradients into a lower-dimensional subspace to reduce optimizer…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-26 Aashiq Muhamed , Oscar Li , David Woodruff , Mona Diab , Virginia Smith

The rapid growth of deep learning models has increased the demand for efficient distributed training strategies. Fully sharded approaches like ZeRO-3 and FSDP partition model parameters across GPUs and apply optimizations such as…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2026-02-20 Masahiro Tanaka , Du Li , Umesh Chand , Ali Zafar , Haiying Shen , Olatunji Ruwase

Large language models (LLMs), based on transformer architectures, have revolutionized numerous domains within artificial intelligence, science, and engineering due to their exceptional scalability and adaptability. However, the exponential…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-07-04 Wenzhe Guo , Joyjit Kundu , Uras Tos , Weijiang Kong , Giuliano Sisto , Timon Evenblij , Manu Perumkunnil
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