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With the advent of deep learning, text generation language models have improved dramatically, with text at a similar level as human-written text. This can lead to rampant misinformation because content can now be created cheaply and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-01-24 Sai Gurrapu , Lifu Huang , Feras A. Batarseh

Text classification is the process of classifying documents into predefined categories based on their content. It is the automated assignment of natural language texts to predefined categories. Text classification is the primary requirement…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2010-09-28 S. M. Kamruzzaman

Self-training provides an effective means of using an extremely small amount of labeled data to create pseudo-labels for unlabeled data. Many state-of-the-art self-training approaches hinge on different regularization methods to prevent…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-02-08 Hazel Kim , Jaeman Son , Yo-Sub Han

Large Language Models (LLMs) excel in text classification, but their complexity hinders interpretability, making it difficult to understand the reasoning behind their predictions. Explainable AI (XAI) methods like LIME and SHAP offer local…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-16 Yogachandran Rahulamathavan , Misbah Farooq , Varuna De Silva

Through solving pretext tasks, self-supervised learning leverages unlabeled data to extract useful latent representations replacing traditional input features in the downstream task. In audio/speech signal processing, a wide range of…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-11-23 Salah Zaiem , Titouan Parcollet , Slim Essid , Abdel Heba

We present a neural semi-supervised learning model termed Self-Pretraining. Our model is inspired by the classic self-training algorithm. However, as opposed to self-training, Self-Pretraining is threshold-free, it can potentially update…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-10-01 Payam Karisani , Negin Karisani

Weakly supervised text classification methods typically train a deep neural classifier based on pseudo-labels. The quality of pseudo-labels is crucial to final performance but they are inevitably noisy due to their heuristic nature, so…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-10-26 Dheeraj Mekala , Chengyu Dong , Jingbo Shang

Text classification is the process of classifying documents into predefined categories based on their content. Existing supervised learning algorithms to automatically classify text need sufficient documents to learn accurately. This paper…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2010-09-27 S. M. Kamruzzaman , Farhana Haider

Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI) methods in text summarization are essential for understanding the model behavior and fostering trust in model-generated summaries. Despite the effectiveness of XAI methods, recent studies have…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-11-07 Seema Aswani , Sujala D. Shetty

Although deep neural networks hold the state-of-the-art in several remote sensing tasks, their black-box operation hinders the understanding of their decisions, concealing any bias and other shortcomings in datasets and model performance.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-09-21 Ioannis Kakogeorgiou , Konstantinos Karantzalos

Decision explanations of machine learning black-box models are often generated by applying Explainable AI (XAI) techniques. However, many proposed XAI methods produce unverified outputs. Evaluation and verification are usually achieved with…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-12-09 Udo Schlegel , Daniela Oelke , Daniel A. Keim , Mennatallah El-Assady

State-of-the-art deep neural networks require large-scale labeled training data that is often expensive to obtain or not available for many tasks. Weak supervision in the form of domain-specific rules has been shown to be useful in such…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-04-13 Giannis Karamanolakis , Subhabrata Mukherjee , Guoqing Zheng , Ahmed Hassan Awadallah

Large pre-trained language models have become a crucial backbone for many downstream tasks in natural language processing (NLP), and while they are trained on a plethora of data containing a variety of biases, such as gender biases, it has…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-22 Rick Wilming , Artur Dox , Hjalmar Schulz , Marta Oliveira , Benedict Clark , Stefan Haufe

The task of classifying X-ray data is a problem of both theoretical and clinical interest. Whilst supervised deep learning methods rely upon huge amounts of labelled data, the critical problem of achieving a good classification accuracy…

Nowadays, deep neural networks are widely used in a variety of fields that have a direct impact on society. Although those models typically show outstanding performance, they have been used for a long time as black boxes. To address this,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-10-11 Huawei Sun , Lorenzo Servadei , Hao Feng , Michael Stephan , Robert Wille , Avik Santra

Recent success of large-scale pre-trained language models crucially hinge on fine-tuning them on large amounts of labeled data for the downstream task, that are typically expensive to acquire. In this work, we study self-training as one of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-06-30 Subhabrata Mukherjee , Ahmed Hassan Awadallah

Weakly-supervised text classification has received much attention in recent years for it can alleviate the heavy burden of annotating massive data. Among them, keyword-driven methods are the mainstream where user-provided keywords are…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-10-07 Lu Zhang , Jiandong Ding , Yi Xu , Yingyao Liu , Shuigeng Zhou

Text classification, an integral task in natural language processing, involves the automatic categorization of text into predefined classes. Creating supervised labeled datasets for low-resource languages poses a considerable challenge.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-18 Riya Savant , Anushka Shelke , Sakshi Todmal , Sanskruti Kanphade , Ananya Joshi , Raviraj Joshi

Text categorization is an essential task in Web content analysis. Considering the ever-evolving Web data and new emerging categories, instead of the laborious supervised setting, in this paper, we focus on the minimally-supervised setting…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-02-24 Xinyang Zhang , Chenwei Zhang , Luna Xin Dong , Jingbo Shang , Jiawei Han

In cross-lingual text classification, one seeks to exploit labeled data from one language to train a text classification model that can then be applied to a completely different language. Recent multilingual representation models have made…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-07-31 Xin Dong , Yaxin Zhu , Yupeng Zhang , Zuohui Fu , Dongkuan Xu , Sen Yang , Gerard de Melo