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The one-dimensional transverse Ising model is a paradigmatic example of quantum criticality. In spin-orbit coupled systems, however, effective Ising interactions arise alongside bond-dependent couplings such as Kitaev ($K$) and $\Gamma$…

Strongly Correlated Electrons · Physics 2026-03-17 Mandev Bhullar , Philip Richard , Hae-Young Kee

In the pseudospin-$\frac{1}{2}$ honeycomb Mott insulators with strong spin-orbit coupling, there are two types of bond-dependent exchange interactions, named Kitaev ($K$) and $\Gamma$, leading to strong frustration. While the ground state…

Strongly Correlated Electrons · Physics 2021-10-06 Ahmed Rayyan , Qiang Luo , Hae-Young Kee

Motivated by recent experimental observations in $\alpha$-RuCl$_3$, we study the $K$-$\Gamma$ model on the honeycomb lattice in an external magnetic field. By a slave-particle representation and Variational Monte Carlo calculations, we…

Strongly Correlated Electrons · Physics 2018-05-15 Zheng-Xin Liu , Bruce Normand

We identify and discuss the ground state of a quantum magnet on a triangular lattice with bond-dependent Ising-type spin couplings, that is, a triangular analog of the Kitaev honeycomb model. The classical ground-state manifold of the model…

Strongly Correlated Electrons · Physics 2015-11-24 George Jackeli , Adolfo Avella

Motivated by the largely unexplored domain of multi-polar ordered spin states in the Kitaev-Heisenberg (KH) systems we investigate the ground state dynamics of the spin-$\frac{1}{2}$ KH model, focusing on quadrupolar (QP) order in 2-leg…

Strongly Correlated Electrons · Physics 2025-03-28 Manodip Routh , Sayan Ghosh , Jeroen van den Brink , Satoshi Nishimoto , Manoranjan Kumar

A minimal Kitaev-Gamma model has been recently investigated to understand various Kitaev systems. In the one-dimensional Kitaev-Gamma chain, an emergent SU(2)$_1$ phase and a rank-1 spin ordered phase with $O_h\rightarrow D_4$ symmetry…

Strongly Correlated Electrons · Physics 2021-03-03 Wang Yang , Alberto Nocera , Erik S. Sørensen , Hae-Young Kee , Ian Affleck

Motivated by recent experiments on $\alpha$-RuCl$_3$, we investigate a possible quantum spin liquid ground state of the honeycomb-lattice spin model with bond-dependent interactions. We consider the $K-\Gamma$ model, where $K$ and $\Gamma$…

Strongly Correlated Electrons · Physics 2018-02-15 Matthias Gohlke , Gideon Wachtel , Youhei Yamaji , Frank Pollmann , Yong Baek Kim

A family of spin-orbit coupled honeycomb Mott insulators offers a playground to search for quantum spin liquids (QSLs) via bond-dependent interactions. In candidate materials, a symmetric off-diagonal $\Gamma$ term, close cousin of Kitaev…

Strongly Correlated Electrons · Physics 2021-06-07 Qiang Luo , Jize Zhao , Hae-Young Kee , Xiaoqun Wang

We show that a magnetic field in the high-symmetry direction lifts the macroscopic classical ground-state degeneracy of the honeycomb $\Gamma$ model and induces a long-range magnetic order. While a simple spin-polarized state is stabilized…

Strongly Correlated Electrons · Physics 2021-07-01 Zhongzheng Tian , Zhijie Fan , Preetha Saha , Gia-Wei Chern

We consider the exchange couplings present in an effective Hamiltonian of $\alpha$-RuCl$_3$, known as the K-$\Gamma$ model. This material has a honeycomb lattice, and is expected to be a representative of the Kitaev materials (which can…

Strongly Correlated Electrons · Physics 2022-04-19 Ipsita Mandal

The Kitaev-Heisenberg model on the honeycomb lattice has been studied for the purpose of finding exotic states such as quantum spin liquid and topological orders. On the kagome lattice, in spite of a spin-liquid ground state in the…

Strongly Correlated Electrons · Physics 2018-10-31 Katsuhiro Morita , Masanori Kishimoto , Takami Tohyama

We study the emergence of magnetic order in localized spins that interact solely through their coupling to a Kitaev-type spin liquid. Using three toy models -- the Kitaev model, the Yao-Lee model, and a square-lattice generalization of the…

Strongly Correlated Electrons · Physics 2025-07-09 M. A. Keskiner , M. Ö. Oktel , Natalia B. Perkins , Onur Erten

We study the interplay of disorder and Heisenberg interactions in Kitaev model on honeycomb lattice. The effect of disorder on the transition between Kitaev spin liquid and magnetic ordered states as well as the stability of magnetic…

Strongly Correlated Electrons · Physics 2023-04-13 Ayushi Singhania , Jeroen van den Brink , Satoshi Nishimoto

The unconventional magnetic orderings found in Kitaev spin liquid candidates suggest frustration of spin interactions, and raise a possibility of nearby spin liquid phases. In particular, counter-rotating spiral ordering in…

Strongly Correlated Electrons · Physics 2018-09-12 Panagiotis Peter Stavropoulos , Andrei Catuneanu , Hae-Young Kee

The Kitaev model is a beautiful example of frustrated interactions giving rise to deep and unexpected phenomena. In particular, its classical version has remarkable properties stemming from exponentially large ground state degeneracy. Here,…

Strongly Correlated Electrons · Physics 2020-05-27 Sarvesh Srinivasan , Subhankar Khatua , G. Baskaran , R. Ganesh

The exactly solvable Kitaev honeycomb lattice model is realized as the low energy effect Hamiltonian of a spin-1/2 model with spin rotation and time-reversal symmetry. The mapping to low energy effective Hamiltonian is exact, without…

Strongly Correlated Electrons · Physics 2010-05-20 Fa Wang

In the study of quantum spin liquids, the Kitaev model plays a pivotal role due to the fact that its ground state is exactly known as well as the fact that it may be realized in strongly frustrated materials such as ${\alpha}$-RuCl${}_3$.…

Strongly Correlated Electrons · Physics 2025-05-13 Axel Fünfhaus , Mikel García-Díez , M. G. Vergniory , Thilo Kopp , Stephen M. Winter , Roser Valentí

In the field of frustrated magnetism, Kitaev models provide a unique framework to study the phenomena of spin fractionalization and emergent lattice gauge theories in two and three spatial dimensions. Their ground states are quantum spin…

Anderson proposed structural topology in frustrated magnets hosting novel quantum spin liquids (QSLs). The QSL state is indeed exactly derived by fractionalizing the spin excitation into spinless Majorana fermions in a perfect two…

We theoretically study an exactly solvable Gamma matrix generalization of the Kitaev spin model on the ruby lattice, which is a honeycomb lattice with "expanded" vertices and links. We find this model displays an exceptionally rich phase…

Strongly Correlated Electrons · Physics 2012-12-04 Seth Whitsitt , Victor Chua , Gregory A. Fiete