Related papers: Next-generation MRD assays: do we have the tools t…
Traditional health authority approval for oncology drugs is based on a clinical benefit endpoint, or a valid surrogate. In 1992 the FDA created the Accelerated Approval pathway to allow for earlier approval of therapies in serious…
Detection of minimal residual disease (MRD) in cancer patients after surgery can provide an early marker for disease recurrence and guide subsequent treatment decisions. Accurate and sensitive estimation of tumour burden after cancer…
With the application of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation and new drugs, the progression-free survival rate and overall survival rate of multiple myeloma have been greatly improved, but it is still considered as a kind of disease that…
Recent discoveries have suggested that the promising avenue of using circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) levels in blood samples provides reasonable accuracy for cancer monitoring, with extremely low burden on the patient's side. It is known that…
The primary object of a phase I clinical trial is to determine the maximum tolerated dose (MTD). Typically, the MTD is identified using a dose-escalation study, where initial subjects are treated at the lowest dose level and subsequent…
The primary objective of Phase I oncology trials is to assess the safety and tolerability of novel therapeutics. Conventional dose escalation methods identify the maximum tolerated dose (MTD) based on dose-limiting toxicity (DLT). However,…
The Minimum Covariance Determinant (MCD) approach robustly estimates the location and scatter matrix using the subset of given size with lowest sample covariance determinant. Its main drawback is that it cannot be applied when the dimension…
Radiotherapy treatment for prostate cancer relies on computed tomography (CT) and/or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for segmentation of target volumes and organs at risk (OARs). Manual segmentation of these volumes is regarded as the gold…
Accurate synthesis of a full 3D MR image containing tumours from available MRI (e.g. to replace an image that is currently unavailable or corrupted) would provide a clinician as well as downstream inference methods with important…
Dynamic magnetic resonance (MR) imaging has generated great research interest, as it can provide both spatial and temporal information for clinical diagnosis. However, slow imaging speed or long scanning time is still one of the challenges…
It is increasingly common clinically for cancer specimens to be examined using techniques that identify somatic mutations. In principle these mutational profiles can be used to diagnose the tissue of origin, a critical task for the 3-5% of…
Introduction: The potential for multi-cancer early detection (MCED) tests to detect cancer at earlier stages is currently being evaluated in screening clinical trials. Once trial evidence becomes available, modelling will be necessary to…
Brain plays a crucial role in regulating body functions and cognitive processes, with brain tumors posing significant risks to human health. Precise and prompt detection is a key factor in proper treatment and better patient outcomes.…
Malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) is the most common form of mesothelioma. To assess response to treatment, tumor measurements are acquired and evaluated based on a patient's longitudinal computed tomography (CT) scans. Tumor volume,…
Diagnosing Brain Tumor with the aid of Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) has gained enormous prominence over the years, primarily in the field of medical science. Detection and/or partitioning of brain tumors solely with the aid of MR…
We introduce a new computer aided detection and diagnosis system for lung cancer screening with low-dose CT scans that produces meaningful probability assessments. Our system is based entirely on 3D convolutional neural networks and…
This paper proposes a novel criterion for the allocation of patients in Phase~I dose-escalation clinical trials aiming to find the maximum tolerated dose (MTD). Conventionally, using a model-based approach the next patient is allocated to…
This paper primarily addresses a dataset relating to cellular, chemical and physical conditions of patients gathered at the time they are operated upon to remove colorectal tumours. This data provides a unique insight into the biochemical…
Aim: To review how machine learning (ML) is applied to imaging biomarkers in neuro-oncology, in particular for diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment response monitoring. Materials and Methods: The PubMed and MEDLINE databases were searched…
The Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS) has introduced CMS1074v2, a quality measure for computed tomography (CT) that assesses radiation dose and image quality across 18 CT exam categories. This measure mandates the calculation…