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Deep neural networks are widely used for classification. These deep models often suffer from a lack of interpretability -- they are particularly difficult to understand because of their non-linear nature. As a result, neural networks are…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2017-11-22 Oscar Li , Hao Liu , Chaofan Chen , Cynthia Rudin

Deep Learning is a state-of-the-art technique to make inference on extensive or complex data. As a black box model due to their multilayer nonlinear structure, Deep Neural Networks are often criticized to be non-transparent and their…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2019-11-28 Vanessa Buhrmester , David Münch , Michael Arens

Many Machine Learning algorithms, such as deep neural networks, have long been criticized for being "black-boxes"-a kind of models unable to provide how it arrive at a decision without further efforts to interpret. This problem has raised…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2019-07-04 Yihuang Kang , I-Ling Cheng , Wenjui Mao , Bowen Kuo , Pei-Ju Lee

In recent years, machine learning (ML) has become a key enabling technology for the sciences and industry. Especially through improvements in methodology, the availability of large databases and increased computational power, today's ML…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2019-09-27 Wojciech Samek , Klaus-Robert Müller

Explainable AI has emerged to be a key component for black-box machine learning approaches in domains with a high demand for reliability or transparency. Examples are medical assistant systems, and applications concerned with the General…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-05-18 Johannes Rabold , Gesina Schwalbe , Ute Schmid

The emergence of tools based on artificial intelligence has also led to the need of producing explanations which are understandable by a human being. In most approaches, the system is considered a black box, making it difficult to generate…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-10-23 Germán Vidal

In recent years, deep learning has become prevalent to solve applications from multiple domains. Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) particularly have demonstrated state of the art performance for the task of image classification. However,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-12-01 Meghna P Ayyar , Jenny Benois-Pineau , Akka Zemmari

Distance-based classifiers, such as k-nearest neighbors and support vector machines, continue to be a workhorse of machine learning, widely used in science and industry. In practice, to derive insights from these models, it is also…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-05 Florian Bley , Jacob Kauffmann , Simon León Krug , Klaus-Robert Müller , Grégoire Montavon

The ubiquity of neural networks (NNs) in real-world applications, from healthcare to natural language processing, underscores their immense utility in capturing complex relationships within high-dimensional data. However, NNs come with…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-07-08 Chang Yue , Niraj K. Jha

As an important technique for modeling the knowledge states of learners, the traditional knowledge tracing (KT) models have been widely used to support intelligent tutoring systems and MOOC platforms. Driven by the fast advancements of deep…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-05-14 Yu Lu , Deliang Wang , Qinggang Meng , Penghe Chen

Recent advancements in post-hoc and inherently interpretable methods have markedly enhanced the explanations of black box classifier models. These methods operate either through post-analysis or by integrating concept learning during model…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-04-24 Bor-Shiun Wang , Chien-Yi Wang , Wei-Chen Chiu

This paper explores interpretability techniques for two of the most successful learning algorithms in medical decision-making literature: deep neural networks and random forests. We applied these algorithms in a real-world medical dataset…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-02-24 Catarina Moreira , Renuka Sindhgatta , Chun Ouyang , Peter Bruza , Andreas Wichert

Nonlinear methods such as Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) are the gold standard for various challenging machine learning problems, e.g., image classification, natural language processing or human action recognition. Although these methods…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2017-11-15 Grégoire Montavon , Sebastian Bach , Alexander Binder , Wojciech Samek , Klaus-Robert Müller

Deep learning algorithms are growing in popularity in the field of exoplanetary science due to their ability to model highly non-linear relations and solve interesting problems in a data-driven manner. Several works have attempted to…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2021-07-26 Kai Hou Yip , Quentin Changeat , Nikolaos Nikolaou , Mario Morvan , Billy Edwards , Ingo P. Waldmann , Giovanna Tinetti

DeConvNet, Guided BackProp, LRP, were invented to better understand deep neural networks. We show that these methods do not produce the theoretically correct explanation for a linear model. Yet they are used on multi-layer networks with…

The rapid evolution of machine learning (ML) has led to the widespread adoption of complex "black box" models, such as deep neural networks and ensemble methods. These models exhibit exceptional predictive performance, making them…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-28 Moncef Garouani , Josiane Mothe , Ayah Barhrhouj , Julien Aligon

Deep neural networks (DNNs) can be useful within the marine robotics field, but their utility value is restricted by their black-box nature. Explainable artificial intelligence methods attempt to understand how such black-boxes make their…

Robotics · Computer Science 2022-03-02 Vilde B. Gjærum , Inga Strümke , Ole Andreas Alsos , Anastasios M. Lekkas

Deep neural networks are effective feature extractors but they are prohibitively large for deployment scenarios. Due to the huge number of parameters, interpretability of parameters in different layers is not straight-forward. This is why…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-12-23 Saeed Damadi

As deep neural networks (DNNs) get adopted in an ever-increasing number of applications, explainability has emerged as a crucial desideratum for these models. In many real-world tasks, one of the principal reasons for requiring…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2020-07-03 Vedant Nanda , Till Speicher , John P. Dickerson , Krishna P. Gummadi , Muhammad Bilal Zafar

Deep learning (DL) has gained popularity in recent years as an effective tool for classifying the current health and predicting the future of industrial equipment. However, most DL models have black-box components with an underlying…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-08-22 Hao Lu , Austin M. Bray , Chao Hu , Andrew T. Zimmerman , Hongyi Xu