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Large language models (LLMs) with billions of parameters exhibit in-context learning abilities, enabling few-shot learning on tasks that the model was not specifically trained for. Traditional models achieve breakthrough performance on…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-11-04 Aske Plaat , Annie Wong , Suzan Verberne , Joost Broekens , Niki van Stein , Thomas Back

This paper investigates the capabilities of large language models (LLMs) in formulating and solving decision-making problems using mathematical programming. We first conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis of recent literature to…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-08-26 Mohammad J. Abdel-Rahman , Yasmeen Alslman , Dania Refai , Amro Saleh , Malik A. Abu Loha , Mohammad Yahya Hamed

Process Reward Models (PRMs) have shown promise in enhancing the mathematical reasoning capabilities of Large Language Models (LLMs) through Test-Time Scaling (TTS). However, their integration into multimodal reasoning remains largely…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-07 Ruilin Luo , Zhuofan Zheng , Yifan Wang , Xinzhe Ni , Zicheng Lin , Songtao Jiang , Yiyao Yu , Chufan Shi , Lei Wang , Ruihang Chu , Jin Zeng , Yujiu Yang

Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly utilized in AI-driven educational instruction and assessment, particularly within mathematics education. The capability of LLMs to generate accurate answers and detailed solutions for math…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-08-15 Liang Zhang , Edith Aurora Graf

Existing large language model (LLM) evaluation benchmarks primarily focus on English, while current multilingual tasks lack parallel questions that specifically assess cross-linguistic reasoning abilities. This dual limitation makes it…

Multilingual capability is an essential aspect for large multimodal models, since they are usually deployed across various countries and languages. However, most existing benchmarks for multilingual multimodal reasoning struggle to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-04-28 Hongyu Wang , Jiayu Xu , Senwei Xie , Ruiping Wang , Jialin Li , Zhaojie Xie , Bin Zhang , Chuyan Xiong , Xilin Chen

Mathematical reasoning has long represented one of the most fundamental and challenging frontiers in artificial intelligence research. In recent years, large language models (LLMs) have achieved significant advances in this area. This…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-06-11 Peng-Yuan Wang , Tian-Shuo Liu , Chenyang Wang , Yi-Di Wang , Shu Yan , Cheng-Xing Jia , Xu-Hui Liu , Xin-Wei Chen , Jia-Cheng Xu , Ziniu Li , Yang Yu

Although Large Language Models (LLMs) achieve remarkable performance across various tasks, they often struggle with complex reasoning tasks, such as answering mathematical questions. Recent efforts to address this issue have primarily…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-27 Jikun Kang , Xin Zhe Li , Xi Chen , Amirreza Kazemi , Qianyi Sun , Boxing Chen , Dong Li , Xu He , Quan He , Feng Wen , Jianye Hao , Jun Yao

As the field of Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) continues to evolve, their potential to revolutionize artificial intelligence is particularly promising, especially in addressing mathematical reasoning tasks. Current mathematical…

Large language models (LLMs) achieve impressive performance on complex mathematical benchmarks yet sometimes fail on basic math reasoning while generating unnecessarily verbose responses. In this paper, we present LLMThinkBench, a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-24 Gaurav Srivastava , Aafiya Hussain , Sriram Srinivasan , Xuan Wang

Although recent Massively Multilingual Language Models (MMLMs) like mBERT and XLMR support around 100 languages, most existing multilingual NLP benchmarks provide evaluation data in only a handful of these languages with little linguistic…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-11-15 Kabir Ahuja , Sandipan Dandapat , Sunayana Sitaram , Monojit Choudhury

Large Language Models (LLMs) have limited performance when solving arithmetic reasoning tasks and often provide incorrect answers. Unlike natural language understanding, math problems typically have a single correct answer, making the task…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-03-10 Shima Imani , Liang Du , Harsh Shrivastava

In mathematical reasoning tasks, the advancement of Large Language Models (LLMs) relies heavily on high-quality training data with clearly defined and well-graded difficulty levels. However, existing data synthesis methods often suffer from…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-27 Xuchen Li , Jing Chen , Xuzhao Li , Hao Liang , Xiaohuan Zhou , Taifeng Wang , Wentao Zhang

With the rapid advancement of Artificial Intelligence (AI), Large Language Models (LLMs) have significantly impacted a wide array of domains, including healthcare, engineering, science, education, and mathematical reasoning. Among these,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-20 Afrar Jahin , Arif Hassan Zidan , Wei Zhang , Yu Bao , Tianming Liu

Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated impressive reasoning capabilities, particularly in textual mathematical problem-solving. However, existing open-source image instruction fine-tuning datasets, containing limited question-answer…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-10 Wenhao Shi , Zhiqiang Hu , Yi Bin , Junhua Liu , Yang Yang , See-Kiong Ng , Lidong Bing , Roy Ka-Wei Lee

The tool-use Large Language Models (LLMs) that integrate with external Python interpreters have significantly enhanced mathematical reasoning capabilities for open-source LLMs, while tool-free methods chose another track: augmenting math…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-05-14 Shuo Yin , Weihao You , Zhilong Ji , Guoqiang Zhong , Jinfeng Bai

Despite state-of-the-art vision-language models (VLMs) have demonstrated strong reasoning capabilities, their performance in multilingual mathematical reasoning remains underexplored, particularly when compared to human performance. To…

Large Language Models (LLMs) solely trained on next-token prediction learn to solve a wide range of problems involving mathematical reasoning. But how does this ability evolve during training? We show the first analysis of how mathematical…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-12-15 Shubhra Mishra , Gabriel Poesia , Noah D. Goodman

Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated significant capabilities in mathematical reasoning, particularly with text-based mathematical problems. However, current multi-modal large language models (MLLMs), especially those specialized…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-03 Zhen Yang , Jinhao Chen , Zhengxiao Du , Wenmeng Yu , Weihan Wang , Wenyi Hong , Zhihuan Jiang , Bin Xu , Jie Tang

The progress of Large Language Models (LLMs) like ChatGPT raises the question of how they can be integrated into education. One hope is that they can support mathematics learning, including word-problem solving. Since LLMs can handle…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-12 Anselm R. Strohmaier , Wim Van Dooren , Kathrin Seßler , Brian Greer , Lieven Verschaffel