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The universe's large-scale structure forms a vast, interconnected network of filaments, sheets, and voids known as the cosmic web. For decades, astronomers have observed that the orientations of neighboring galaxy clusters within these…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2025-06-25 Michael J. West , Roberto De Propris , Maret Einasto , Z. L. Wen , J. L. Han

Catalogues of galaxies, clusters of galaxies and superclusters - sources of information to study the large-scale structure of the Universe are reviewed. The power spectrum of density perturbations, and the correlation function are discussed…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-10-31 Jaan Einasto

Clusters of galaxies outline the network of the distribution of visible matter in the Universe, marking the highest-mass knots where filamentary structures join together. If we observe the sky in X rays, clusters of galaxies stand out as…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-10-31 S. Borgani , L. Guzzo

The cosmic web structure is studied with the concepts and methods of fractal geometry, employing the adhesion model of cosmological dynamics as a basic reference. The structures of matter clusters and cosmic voids in cosmological N-body…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2019-05-06 Jose Gaite

We review the formalism and applications of non-linear perturbation theory (PT) to understanding the large-scale structure of the Universe. We first discuss the dynamics of gravitational instability, from the linear to the non-linear…

Astrophysics · Physics 2008-11-26 F. Bernardeau , S. Colombi , E. Gaztanaga , R. Scoccimarro

We provide a brief summary of the history of galaxy structure studies. We also introduce several large-scale redshift surveys and summarize the most commonly used methods to identify the groups and clusters of galaxies. We present several…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2013-12-31 Tiit Sepp , Mirt Gramann

Galaxy superclusters, the largest galaxy structures in the cosmic web, are formed due to the gravitational collapse (although they are not usually gravitationally bound). Their geometrical properties can shed light on the structure…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2023-04-20 Satadru Bag , Lauri Juhan Liivamägi , Maret Einasto

The last 20 years have seen an explosion in our understanding of the large-scale distribution and motions of galaxies in the nearby universe. The field has moved from a largely qualitative, morphological description of the structures seen…

Astrophysics · Physics 2007-05-23 Michael A. Strauss

Two fundamental empirical laws have been established in the analysis of galaxy space distribution. First, recent analyses have revealed that the three dimensional distribution of galaxies and clusters is characterized by large scale…

The question of the nature of galaxy clustering and the possible homogeneity of galaxy distribution is one of the fundamental problem of cosmology. It is well established that galaxy structures are characterized, up to a certain scale, by…

Astrophysics · Physics 2007-05-23 Francesco Sylos Labini , Luciano Pietronero

The Large-Scale Structure (LSS) of the Universe is a homogeneous network of galaxies separated in dense complexes, the superclusters of galaxies, and almost empty voids. The superclusters are young structures that did not have time to…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2020-01-13 I. Santiago-Bautista , C. A. Caretta , H. Bravo-Alfaro , E. Pointecouteau , F. Madrigal

In this work, we use the theory of spatial networks to analyze galaxy distributions. The aim is to develop new approaches to study the spatial galaxy environment properties by means of the network parameters. We investigate how each of the…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2024-07-03 Evelise Gausmann , Fabricio Ferrari

Using percolation statistics we, for the first time, demonstrate the universal character of a network pattern in the real space, mass distributions resulting from nonlinear gravitational instability of initial Gaussian fluctuations.…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-10-28 Capp Yess , Sergei F. Shandarin

Clusters of galaxies are the largest gravitationally bounded structures in the Universe dominated by dark matter. We review the observational appearance and physical models of plasma structures in clusters of galaxies. Bubbles of…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2015-12-07 A. M. Bykov , E. M. Churazov , C. Ferrari , W. R. Forman , J. S. Kaastra , U. Klein , M. Markevitch , J. de Plaa

The large-scale structure of the universe is comprised of virialized blob-like clusters, linear filaments, sheet-like walls and huge near empty three-dimensional voids. Characterizing the large scale universe is essential to our…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2024-06-06 Nithin Shivshankar , Pratyush Pranav , Vijay Natarajan , Rien van de Weygaert , E G Patrick Bos , Steven Rieder

Observations reveal that on large scales the universe is spanned by a percolating network of superclusters interspersed with large and almost empty regions -- voids. This thesis reports the construction of a sophisticated computational…

Astrophysics · Physics 2007-05-23 Jatush V. Sheth

The statistical characterization of the distribution of visible matter in the universe is a central problem in modern cosmology. In this respect, a crucial question still lacking a definitive answer concerns how large are the greatest…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2021-07-28 Giordano De Marzo , Francesco Sylos Labini , Luciano Pietronero

The large scale distribution of galaxies in the universe displays a complex pattern of clusters, super-clusters, filaments and voids with sizes limited only by the boundaries of the available samples. A quantitative statistical…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2015-05-20 Francesco Sylos Labini , Luciano Pietronero

The cosmic web that characterizes the large-scale structure of the Universe can be quantified by a variety of methods. For example, large redshift surveys can be used in combination with point process algorithms to extract long curvilinear…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2015-09-16 Noam I. Libeskind , Elmo Tempel , Yehuda Hoffman , R. Brent Tully , Helene Courtois

As the environment harbouring the majority of galaxies, filaments are thought to play a key role in the co-evolution of galaxies and the cosmic web. In this first part of a series to understand the link between galaxies and filaments…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2025-10-15 Yannick M. Bahe , Pascale Jablonka