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The primary way of building AI applications is shifting from training specialist models to prompting generalist models. A common practice for prompting generalist models, often referred to as in-context learning, is to append a few examples…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-05-19 Wangchunshu Zhou , Yuchen Eleanor Jiang , Ryan Cotterell , Mrinmaya Sachan

For question-answering (QA) tasks, in-context learning (ICL) enables language models to generate responses without modifying their parameters by leveraging examples provided in the input. However, the effectiveness of ICL heavily depends on…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-10 Ruhan Wang , Zhiyong Wang , Chengkai Huang , Rui Wang , Tong Yu , Lina Yao , John C. S. Lui , Dongruo Zhou

In-context learning (ICL) enables large language models to perform new tasks by conditioning on a sequence of examples. Most prior work reasonably and intuitively assumes that which examples are chosen has a far greater effect on…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-14 Warren Li , Yiqian Wang , Zihan Wang , Jingbo Shang

In-context learning (ICL) ability has emerged with the increasing scale of large language models (LLMs), enabling them to learn input-label mappings from demonstrations and perform well on downstream tasks. However, under the standard ICL…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-19 Yifan Wang , Qingyan Guo , Xinzhe Ni , Chufan Shi , Lemao Liu , Haiyun Jiang , Yujiu Yang

Instruction following is a critical ability for Large Language Models to perform downstream tasks. The standard approach to instruction tuning has relied on a specific phase of supervised fine-tuning over curated instruction datasets,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-01 David Ponce , Thierry Etchegoyhen

Large Language models (LLMs) have achieved encouraging results in tabular data generation. However, existing approaches require fine-tuning, which is computationally expensive. This paper explores an alternative: prompting a fixed LLM with…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-25 Liancheng Fang , Aiwei Liu , Hengrui Zhang , Henry Peng Zou , Weizhi Zhang , Philip S. Yu

Large language models (LLM) have recently shown the extraordinary ability to perform unseen tasks based on few-shot examples provided as text, also known as in-context learning (ICL). While recent works have attempted to understand the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-05 Harmon Bhasin , Timothy Ossowski , Yiqiao Zhong , Junjie Hu

In-context learning (ICL) enables large language models (LLMs) to perform downstream tasks through advanced prompting and high-quality demonstrations. However, traditional ICL paradigms encounter significant limitations in complex reasoning…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-03 Jinyang Wu , Mingkuan Feng , Shuai Zhang , Feihu Che , Zengqi Wen , Chonghua Liao , Jianhua Tao

Large language models (LLMs) have shown impressive performance on downstream tasks through in-context learning (ICL), which heavily relies on the demonstrations selected from annotated datasets. However, these datasets often exhibit…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-02 Hongfu Gao , Feipeng Zhang , Hao Zeng , Deyu Meng , Bingyi Jing , Hongxin Wei

Instruction tuning effectively optimizes Large Language Models (LLMs) for downstream tasks. Due to the changing environment in real-life applications, LLMs necessitate continual task-specific adaptation without catastrophic forgetting.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-03-19 Yifan Wang , Yafei Liu , Chufan Shi , Haoling Li , Chen Chen , Haonan Lu , Yujiu Yang

With in-context learning ability, the performance of large language models can be significantly boosted when provided with appropriate context. However, existing in-context learning methods mainly rely on human-provided contexts, such as…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-08-21 Jinghan Yang , Shuming Ma , Furu Wei

Multimodal in-context learning (ICL) is becoming a key capability that allows large vision-language models (LVLMs) to adapt to novel tasks without parameter updates, which expands their usefulness in many real-world applications. However,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-11 Yanshu Li , Jianjiang Yang , Ziteng Yang , Bozheng Li , Ligong Han , Hongyang He , Zhengtao Yao , Yingjie Victor Chen , Songlin Fei , Dongfang Liu , Ruixiang Tang

Many-shot in-context learning (ICL) has emerged as a unique setup to both utilize and test the ability of large language models to handle long context. This paper delves into long-context language model (LCLM) evaluation through many-shot…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-13 Kaijian Zou , Muhammad Khalifa , Lu Wang

In-context learning can help Large Language Models (LLMs) to adapt new tasks without additional training. However, this performance heavily depends on the quality of the demonstrations, driving research into effective demonstration…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-31 Dong Shu , Mengnan Du

Existing continual learning (CL) methods mainly rely on fine-tuning or adapting large language models (LLMs). They still suffer from catastrophic forgetting (CF). Little work has been done to exploit in-context learning (ICL) to leverage…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-23 Saleh Momeni , Sahisnu Mazumder , Zixuan Ke , Bing Liu

In-context learning (ICL) allows large language models (LLMs) to adapt to new tasks directly from the given demonstrations without requiring gradient updates. While recent advances have expanded context windows to accommodate more…

Alignment tuning is crucial for ensuring large language models (LLMs) behave ethically and helpfully. Current alignment approaches require high-quality annotations and significant training resources. This paper proposes a low-cost,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-06 Yuncheng Hua , Lizhen Qu , Zhuang Li , Hao Xue , Flora D. Salim , Gholamreza Haffari

Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated their ability to learn in-context, allowing them to perform various tasks based on a few input-output examples. However, the effectiveness of in-context learning is heavily reliant on the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-01-29 Liang Wang , Nan Yang , Furu Wei

In-context learning (ICL) is an important yet not fully understood ability of pre-trained large language models (LLMs). It can greatly enhance task performance using a few examples, termed demonstrations, without fine-tuning. Although…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-03 Do Xuan Long , Duong Ngoc Yen , Do Xuan Trong , Luu Anh Tuan , Kenji Kawaguchi , Shafiq Joty , Min-Yen Kan , Nancy F. Chen

Large Language Models have demonstrated remarkable performance across various tasks, exhibiting the capacity to swiftly acquire new skills, such as through In-Context Learning (ICL) with minimal demonstration examples. In this work, we…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-04-26 Folco Bertini Baldassini , Mustafa Shukor , Matthieu Cord , Laure Soulier , Benjamin Piwowarski