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The presence of a strong, large-scale magnetic field in an accretion flow leads to extraction of the rotational energy of the black hole (BH) through the Blandford-Znajek (BZ) process, believed to power relativistic jets in various…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2025-02-28 Prasun Dhang , Jason Dexter , Mitchell C. Begelman

We perform the first numerical simulations modeling the inflow and outflow of magnetized plasma in the Kerr-Sen spacetime, which describes classical spinning black holes (BHs) in string theory. We find that the Blandford-Znajek (BZ)…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2023-11-01 Koushik Chatterjee , Prashant Kocherlakota , Ziri Younsi , Ramesh Narayan

The Blandford-Znajek (BZ) process powers energetic jets by extracting the rotating energy of a Kerr black hole. It is important to understand this process in non-Kerr black hole spacetimes. In this study, we conduct two-dimensional and…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2024-05-09 Hong-Xuan Jiang , Indu K. Dihingia , Cheng Liu , Yosuke Mizuno , Tao Zhu

Recently it has been observed that the scaling of jet power with black hole spin in galactic X-ray binaries is consistent with the predictions of the Blandford-Znajek (BZ) jet model. These observations motivate us to revisit the BZ model…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2015-06-16 Robert F. Penna , Ramesh Narayan , Aleksander Sadowski

Blandford-Znajek (BZ) mechanism describes a process extracting rotation energy from a spinning black hole (BH) via magnetic field lines penetrating the event horizon of central BH. In this paper, we present a perturbation approach to study…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2015-10-14 Zhen Pan , Cong Yu

We consider the Blandford-Znajek (BZ) mechanism for extracting black hole spin energy to drive astrophysical jets. Analyses of the BZ mechanism generally take no account of any electric charge on the black hole. But, as noted by Wald and…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2021-09-29 A. R. King , J. E. Pringle

The Blandford-Znajek (BZ) mechanism is widely recognised as the most compelling process to extract rotational energy from an accreting black hole and power the emission of relativistic jets. We explore the universality of this process for…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2026-03-02 Filippo Camilloni , Luciano Rezzolla

Relativistic jets from black holes can extract energy not only from accretion but also directly from the black hole's spin, as described by the Blandford-Znajek mechanism. A longstanding question is whether magnetic flux can accumulate near…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2026-02-27 Antonios Nathanail

Relativistic jets have been found for decades as a key phenomenon in active galactic nuclei (AGNs), compact binary systems, and gamma-ray bursts (GRBs), yet their energy resources remain a mystery. Two competing ideas prevail: one…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2026-02-10 Shu-Xu Yi , Tian-Yong Cao , Shuang-Nan Zhang , Hua Feng

The possibility of extracting energy from a rotating black hole via the Blandford-Znajek mechanism represents a cornerstone of relativistic astrophysics. We present general-relativistic collisionless kinetic simulations of Kerr black-hole…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2025-09-19 Claudio Meringolo , Filippo Camilloni , Luciano Rezzolla

Evolution characteristics of a Kerr black hole (BH) are investigated by considering coexistence of disc accretion with the Blandford-Znajek process (the BZ process). (i) The rate of extracting energy from the rotating BH in the BZ process…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-07 D. X. Wang , K. Xiao , W. H. Lei

One of the leading mechanisms powering relativistic black hole jets is the Blandford-Znajek (BZ) process. Inspired by its success we construct energy extracting models for black holes in five space-time dimensions. Here, we find solutions…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2022-11-09 Alexandra Chanson , Maria J. Rodriguez

In this lecture I give an introduction to the rotational energy extraction of black holes by the electromagnetic Blandford-Znajek process and the generation of relativistic jets. After some basic material on the electrodynamics of black…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-06-23 Norbert Straumann

A rotating black hole probably powers ultrarelativistic jets in gamma-ray bursts, relativistic jets from some active galactic nuclei, and jets from some black hole x-ray binaries. Prior estimates of the power output of a black hole have…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-11 Jonathan C. McKinney

The power of jets from black holes are expected to depend on both the spin of the black hole and the structure of the accretion disk in the region of the last stable orbit. We investigate these dependencies using two different physical…

Astrophysics · Physics 2008-11-26 Rodrigo S. Nemmen , Richard G. Bower , Arif Babul , Thaisa Storchi-Bergmann

A toy model for magnetic extraction of energy from black hole (BH) accretion disk is discussed by considering the restriction of the screw instability to the magnetic field configuration. Three mechanisms of extracting energy magnetically…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-10 Ding-Xiong Wang , Yong-Chun Ye , Ren-Yi Ma

The rotational energy of a black hole can be extracted via the Blandford-Znajek mechanism and numerical simulations suggest a strong dependence of the power of the produced jet on the black hole spin. A recent study has found no evidence…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2012-12-21 Cosimo Bambi

Rotating black holes with strong magnetic fields lead to an outward energy flux in the form of jets governed by the Blandford-Znajek mechanism. These jets depend on factors such as accretion rate, magnetic flux and the spin of the black…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2025-12-12 Ishan Swamy , Deobrat Singh

The Blandford-Znajek (BZ) process is steady electromagnetic energy release from rotating black holes (BHs) along magnetic field lines threading them and widely believed to drive relativistic jets. This process is successfully demonstrated…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2025-02-18 Kenji Toma , Fumio Takahara , Masanori Nakamura

The Blandford-Znajek (BZ) mechanism in stellar-mass black hole (BH) hyperaccretion systems is generally considered to power gamma-ray bursts (GRBs). Based on observational GRB data, we use the BZ mechanism driven by the BH hyperaccretion…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2023-12-07 Xiao-Yan Li , Tong Liu
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