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While the preparation of a general quantum state is challenging, realistic problem instances, such as those encountered in quantum chemistry and quantum machine learning-typically exhibit hierarchical amplitude structures, consisting of a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-01-15 Yue Wang , Xiao-Ming Zhang , Xiao Yuan , Qi Zhao

We give a polynomial time algorithm that, given copies of an unknown quantum state $\vert\psi\rangle=U\vert 0^n\rangle$ that is prepared by an unknown constant depth circuit $U$ on a finite-dimensional lattice, learns a constant depth…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-06-18 Zeph Landau , Yunchao Liu

Geometric quantum machine learning uses the symmetries inherent in data to design tailored machine learning tasks with reduced search space dimension. The field has been well-studied recently in an effort to avoid barren plateau issues…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-07-14 Zachary P. Bradshaw , Ethan N. Evans , Matthew Cook , Margarite L. LaBorde

We consider the problem of testing and learning quantum $k$-juntas: $n$-qubit unitary matrices which act non-trivially on just $k$ of the $n$ qubits and as the identity on the rest. As our main algorithmic results, we give (a) a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-10-30 Thomas Chen , Shivam Nadimpalli , Henry Yuen

TThe problem of finding the resource free, closest local unitary, to any bipartite unitary gate $U$ is addressed. Previously discussed as a measure of nonlocality, the distance $K_D(U)$ to the nearest product unitary has implications for…

We prove new lower bounds on the growth of robust quantum circuit complexity -- the minimal number of gates $C_{\delta}(U)$ to approximate a unitary $U$ up to an error of $\delta$ in operator norm distance. More precisely we show two bounds…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-06-05 Jonas Haferkamp

The current generation of quantum computing technologies call for quantum algorithms that require a limited number of qubits and quantum gates, and which are robust against errors. A suitable design approach are variational circuits where…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-04-10 Maria Schuld , Alex Bocharov , Krysta Svore , Nathan Wiebe

We investigate the relationship between two distinct classical approaches to quantum systems: direct simulation from a classical description and sample-based learning from measurement data. While both tasks ultimately aim to reproduce…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-29 João Pedro Del Rey , Raúl O. Vallejos , Fernando de Melo

This paper presents a deep reinforcement learning approach for synthesizing unitaries into quantum circuits. Unitary synthesis aims to identify a quantum circuit that represents a given unitary while minimizing circuit depth, total gate…

Since the final quantum state in the Grover search algorithm is the normalized marked quantum state from the Gram-Schmidt process, Abrams and Lloyd [1] has shown that we can generate this vector by using a non-unitary gate. Following their…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-08-22 Ammar Daskin

Quantum process learning is emerging as an important tool to study quantum systems. While studied extensively in coherent frameworks, where the target and model system can share quantum information, less attention has been paid to whether…

Quantum state tomography, the ability to deduce the density matrix of a quantum system from measured data, is of fundamental importance for the verification of present and future quantum devices. It has been realized in systems with few…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2010-02-22 M. Cramer , M. B. Plenio

With gate error rates in multiple technologies now below the threshold required for fault-tolerant quantum computation, the major remaining obstacle to useful quantum computation is scaling, a challenge greatly amplified by the huge…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-12-09 Kianna Wan , Soonwon Choi , Isaac H. Kim , Noah Shutty , Patrick Hayden

Due to its unique scalability potential, continuous variable quantum optics is a promising platform for large scale quantum computing. In particular, very large cluster states with a two-dimensional topology that are suitable for universal…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-10-21 Mikkel V. Larsen , Jonas S. Neergaard-Nielsen , Ulrik L. Andersen

We study efficient generations of random diagonal-unitary matrices, an ensemble of unitary matrices diagonal in a given basis with randomly distributed phases for their eigenvalues. Despite the simple algebraic structure, they cannot be…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2014-01-31 Yoshifumi Nakata , Mio Murao

State preparation is a fundamental routine in quantum computation, for which many algorithms have been proposed. Among them, perhaps the simplest one is the Grover-Rudolph algorithm. In this paper, we analyse the performance of this…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-10-31 Debora Ramacciotti , Andreea-Iulia Lefterovici , Antonio F. Rotundo

We discuss the implementation of lattice gauge theories on digital quantum computers, focusing primarily on the number of quantum gates required to simulate their time evolution. We find that to compile quantum circuits, using available…

High Energy Physics - Lattice · Physics 2022-11-23 Edison M. Murairi , Michael J. Cervia , Hersh Kumar , Paulo F. Bedaque , Andrei Alexandru

Despite fundamental interests in learning quantum circuits, the existence of a computationally efficient algorithm for learning shallow quantum circuits remains an open question. Because shallow quantum circuits can generate distributions…

Universality of neural networks describes the ability to approximate arbitrary function, and is a key ingredient to keep the method effective. The established models for universal quantum neural networks(QNN), however, require the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-10-22 Xiaokai Hou , Guanyu Zhou , Qingyu Li , Shan Jin , Xiaoting Wang

Unitary operations are the building blocks of quantum programs. Our task is to design effcient or optimal implementations of these unitary operations by employing the intrinsic physical resources of a given n-qubit system. The most common…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Robert Zeier , Markus Grassl , Thomas Beth