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Medical image segmentation plays a pivotal role in clinical diagnostics and treatment planning, yet existing models often face challenges in generalization and in handling both 2D and 3D data uniformly. In this paper, we introduce Medical…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-12-06 Jiayuan Zhu , Abdullah Hamdi , Yunli Qi , Yueming Jin , Junde Wu

Automated segmentation is a fundamental medical image analysis task, which enjoys significant advances due to the advent of deep learning. While foundation models have been useful in natural language processing and some vision tasks for…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-05-12 Hanxue Gu , Haoyu Dong , Jichen Yang , Maciej A. Mazurowski

Weakly supervised image segmentation with image-level labels has drawn attention due to the high cost of pixel-level annotations. Traditional methods using Class Activation Maps (CAMs) often highlight only the most discriminative regions,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-18 Qingchen Tang , Lei Fan , Maurice Pagnucco , Yang Song

Pathology image segmentation is crucial in computational pathology for analyzing histological features relevant to cancer diagnosis and prognosis. However, current methods face major challenges in clinical applications due to limited…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-08-20 Zhixuan Chen , Junlin Hou , Liqi Lin , Yihui Wang , Yequan Bie , Xi Wang , Yanning Zhou , Ronald Cheong Kin Chan , Hao Chen

Image segmentation remains a pivotal component in medical image analysis, aiding in the extraction of critical information for precise diagnostic practices. With the advent of deep learning, automated image segmentation methods have risen…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-03-07 Nhat-Tan Bui , Dinh-Hieu Hoang , Minh-Triet Tran , Gianfranco Doretto , Donald Adjeroh , Brijesh Patel , Arabinda Choudhary , Ngan Le

Data scarcity and privacy concerns limit the availability of high-quality medical images for public use, which can be mitigated through medical image synthesis. However, current medical image synthesis methods often struggle to accurately…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-03-12 Wenting Chen , Pengyu Wang , Hui Ren , Lichao Sun , Quanzheng Li , Yixuan Yuan , Xiang Li

The Segment Anything Model (SAM) is a recently developed all-range foundation model for image segmentation. It can use sparse manual prompts such as bounding boxes to generate pixel-level segmentation in natural images but struggles in…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-08-22 Xing Yao , Han Liu , Dewei Hu , Daiwei Lu , Ange Lou , Hao Li , Ruining Deng , Gabriel Arenas , Baris Oguz , Nadav Schwartz , Brett C Byram , Ipek Oguz

Deep learning-based computer-aided diagnosis is gradually deployed to review and analyze medical images. However, this paradigm is restricted in real-world clinical applications due to the poor robustness and generalization. The issue is…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-03-22 Yurong Chen

The emerging scale segmentation model, Segment Anything (SAM), exhibits impressive capabilities in zero-shot segmentation for natural images. However, when applied to medical images, SAM suffers from noticeable performance drop. To make SAM…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-06-27 Xinrong Hu , Xiaowei Xu , Yiyu Shi

Medical image segmentation plays a crucial role in clinical workflows, but domain shift often leads to performance degradation when models are applied to unseen clinical domains. This challenge arises due to variations in imaging…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-08-01 Yingkai Wang , Yaoyao Zhu , Xiuding Cai , Yuhao Xiao , Haotian Wu , Yu Yao

Medical image segmentation has become an essential technique in clinical and research-oriented applications. Because manual segmentation methods are tedious, and fully automatic segmentation lacks the flexibility of human intervention or…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2019-04-24 Kevin Karsch , Qing He , Ye Duan

Whole-body PET/CT is a cornerstone of oncological imaging, yet accurate lesion segmentation remains challenging due to tracer heterogeneity, physiological uptake, and multi-center variability. While fully automated methods have advanced…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-09-01 Maximilian Rokuss , Yannick Kirchhoff , Fabian Isensee , Klaus H. Maier-Hein

Medical image segmentation is vital for clinical diagnosis and quantitative analysis, yet remains challenging due to the heterogeneity of imaging modalities and the high cost of pixel-level annotations. Although general interactive…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-24 Yujie Lu , Jingwen Li , Sibo Ju , Yanzhou Su , he yao , Yisong Liu , Min Zhu , Junlong Cheng

Due to low tissue contrast, irregular object appearance, and unpredictable location variation, segmenting the objects from different medical imaging modalities (e.g., CT, MR) is considered as an important yet challenging task. In this…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2018-05-10 Jinquan Sun , Yinghuan Shi , Yang Gao , Lei Wang , Luping Zhou , Wanqi Yang , Dinggang Shen

3D medical image segmentation is a challenging task with crucial implications for disease diagnosis and treatment planning. Recent advances in deep learning have significantly enhanced fully supervised medical image segmentation. However,…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-06-23 Runmin Jiang , Zhaoxin Fan , Junhao Wu , Lenghan Zhu , Xin Huang , Tianyang Wang , Heng Huang , Min Xu

The Segment Anything Model (SAM) has drawn significant attention from researchers who work on medical image segmentation because of its generalizability. However, researchers have found that SAM may have limited performance on medical…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-03-28 Yihao Liu , Jiaming Zhang , Andres Diaz-Pinto , Haowei Li , Alejandro Martin-Gomez , Amir Kheradmand , Mehran Armand

Foundation models have transformed vision and language by learning general-purpose representations from large-scale unlabeled data, yet 3D medical imaging lacks analogous approaches. Existing self-supervised methods rely on low-level…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-17 Yunhe Gao , Yabin Zhang , Chong Wang , Jiaming Liu , Maya Varma , Jean-Benoit Delbrouck , Akshay Chaudhari , Curtis Langlotz

The realm of computer vision has witnessed a paradigm shift with the advent of foundational models, mirroring the transformative influence of large language models in the domain of natural language processing. This paper delves into the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-06-27 Lv Tang , Peng-Tao Jiang , Hao-Ke Xiao , Bo Li

Universal medical image segmentation models have emerged as a promising paradigm due to their strong generalizability across diverse tasks, showing great potential for a wide range of clinical applications. This potential has been partly…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-08-18 Yanwu Yang , Guinan Su , Jiesi Hu , Francesco Sammarco , Jonas Geiping , Thomas Wolfers

Deep neural networks usually require accurate and a large number of annotations to achieve outstanding performance in medical image segmentation. One-shot segmentation and weakly-supervised learning are promising research directions that…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-11-23 Wenhui Lei , Qi Su , Ran Gu , Na Wang , Xinglong Liu , Guotai Wang , Xiaofan Zhang , Shaoting Zhang