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Unsupervised pre-training on vast amounts of graph data is critical in real-world applications wherein labeled data is limited, such as molecule properties prediction or materials science. Existing approaches pre-train models for specific…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-01 Viet Anh Nguyen , Nhat Khang Ngo , Truong Son Hy

Graph Transformers (GTs) facilitate the comprehension of graph-structured data by calculating the self-attention of node pairs without considering node position information. To address this limitation, we introduce an innovative and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-12-12 Kushal Bose , Swagatam Das

The transformer architecture has been widely applied to many machine learning tasks. A main bottleneck in the time to perform transformer computations is a task called attention computation. [Alman and Song, NeurIPS 2023] have shown that in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-20 Josh Alman , Zhao Song

Despite the remarkable capabilities of Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs), they still suffer from visual fading in long-context scenarios. Specifically, the attention to visual tokens diminishes as the text sequence lengthens, leading…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-12 Lin Chen , Bolin Ni , Qi Yang , Zili Wang , Kun Ding , Ying Wang , Houwen Peng , Shiming Xiang

We conducted empirical experiments to assess the transferability of a light curve transformer to datasets with different cadences and magnitude distributions using various positional encodings (PEs). We proposed a new approach to…

This paper introduces a novel approach to position embeddings in transformer models, named "Exact Positional Embeddings" (ExPE). An absolute positional embedding method that can extrapolate to sequences of lengths longer than the ones it…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-06 Aleksis Datseris , Sylvia Vassileva , Ivan Koychev , Svetla Boytcheva

When the predicted sequence length exceeds the length seen during training, the transformer's inference accuracy diminishes. Existing relative position encoding methods, such as those based on the ALiBi technique, address the length…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-03-27 Weiguo Gao

Transformers rely on both content-based and position-based addressing mechanisms to make predictions, but existing positional encoding techniques often diminish the effectiveness of position-based addressing. Many current methods enforce…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-22 Jiajun Zhu , Peihao Wang , Ruisi Cai , Jason D. Lee , Pan Li , Zhangyang Wang

The attention mechanism is a fundamental component of the Transformer model, contributing to interactions among distinct tokens, in contrast to earlier feed-forward neural networks. In general, the attention scores are determined simply by…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-11 Chuanyang Zheng , Yihang Gao , Han Shi , Jing Xiong , Jiankai Sun , Jingyao Li , Minbin Huang , Xiaozhe Ren , Michael Ng , Xin Jiang , Zhenguo Li , Yu Li

There are several improvements proposed over the baseline Absolute Positional Encoding (APE) method used in original transformer. In this study, we aim to investigate the implications of inadequately representing positional encoding in…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-05-09 Arpit Aggarwal

An important aspect subtending language understanding and production is the ability to independently encode positional and symbolic information of the words within a sentence. In Transformers, positional information is typically encoded…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-18 Felipe Urrutia , Jorge Salas , Alexander Kozachinskiy , Cristian Buc Calderon , Hector Pasten , Cristobal Rojas

Positional encoding is essential for large language models (LLMs) to represent sequence order, yet recent studies show that Rotary Position Embedding (RoPE) can induce massive activation. We investigate the source of these instabilities via…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-07 Jing Xiong , Liyang Fan , Hui Shen , Zunhai Su , Min Yang , Lingpeng Kong , Ngai Wong

In an era where the volume of data drives the effectiveness of self-supervised learning, the specificity and clarity of data semantics play a crucial role in model training. Addressing this, we introduce HYPerbolic Entailment filtering…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-07-17 Wonjae Kim , Sanghyuk Chun , Taekyung Kim , Dongyoon Han , Sangdoo Yun

Current Transformer-based methods for small object detection continue emerging, yet they have still exhibited significant shortcomings. This paper introduces HeatMap Position Embedding (HMPE), a novel Transformer Optimization technique that…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-04-21 YangChen Zeng

Transformer-based detectors have advanced small-object detection, but they often remain inefficient and vulnerable to background-induced query noise, which motivates deep decoders to refine low-quality queries. We present HELP…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-17 Yangchen Zeng , Zhenyu Yu , Dongming Jiang , Wenbo Zhang , Yifan Hong , Zhanhua Hu , Jiao Luo , Kangning Cui

Recent advances in Transformer models allow for unprecedented sequence lengths, due to linear space and time complexity. In the meantime, relative positional encoding (RPE) was proposed as beneficial for classical Transformers and consists…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-06-11 Antoine Liutkus , Ondřej Cífka , Shih-Lun Wu , Umut Şimşekli , Yi-Hsuan Yang , Gaël Richard

We propose a novel positional encoding for learning graph on Transformer architecture. Existing approaches either linearize a graph to encode absolute position in the sequence of nodes, or encode relative position with another node using…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-10-17 Wonpyo Park , Woonggi Chang , Donggeon Lee , Juntae Kim , Seung-won Hwang

The decoder-only Transformer architecture with causal masking and relative position encoding (RPE) has become the de facto choice in language modeling. Despite its exceptional performance across various tasks, we have identified two…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-02-08 Qingyu Yin , Xuzheng He , Xiang Zhuang , Yu Zhao , Jianhua Yao , Xiaoyu Shen , Qiang Zhang

The attention mechanism is a core primitive in modern large language models (LLMs) and AI more broadly. Since attention by itself is permutation-invariant, position encoding is essential for modeling structured domains such as language.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-05 Songlin Yang , Yikang Shen , Kaiyue Wen , Shawn Tan , Mayank Mishra , Liliang Ren , Rameswar Panda , Yoon Kim

Rotary Positional Embeddings (RoPE) have become the standard for Large Language Models (LLMs) due to their ability to encode relative positions through geometric rotation. However, we identify a significant limitation we term ''Spectral…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-02 Kanishk Awadhiya