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This paper presents an analysis of the smoothness problem in cosmology by focussing on the ambiguities originated in the simplifying hypotheses aimed at observationally verifying if the large-scale distribution of galaxies is homogeneous,…

Astrophysics · Physics 2015-06-24 Marcelo B. Ribeiro

This article looks at how inhomogeneous spacetime models may be significant for cosmology. First it looks at how the averaging process may affect large scale dynamics, with backreaction effects leading to effective contributions to the…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2015-05-27 George F R Ellis

We develop a gauge invariant canonical perturbation scheme for perturbations around symmetry reduced sectors in generally covariant theories, such as general relativity. The central objects of investigation are gauge invariant observables…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2008-11-26 Bianca Dittrich , Johannes Tambornino

Cosmic structures determine how light propagates through the Universe and consequently must be taken into account in the interpretation of observations. In the standard cosmological model at the largest scales, such structures are either…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2014-11-03 Samae Bagheri , Dominik J. Schwarz

Astrophysical observations provide a picture of the universe as a 4-dim homogeneous and isotropic flat space-time dominated by an unknown form of dark energy. To achieve such a cosmology one has to consider in the early universe an…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-10 F. Canfora , A. Troisi

We investigate gauge invariant cosmological perturbations in a spatially flat Friedman-Robertson-Walker universe with scalar fields. It is well known that the evolution equation for the gauge invariant quantities has exact solutions in the…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2009-10-31 Yasusada Nambu , Atsushi Taruya

This paper investigates the phenomenon of emergence of spatial curvature. This phenomenon is absent in the Standard Cosmological Model, which has a flat and fixed spatial curvature (small perturbations are considered in the Standard…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2017-09-01 Krzysztof Bolejko

In recent years there has been a lot of interest in discussing frame dependences/independences of the cosmological perturbations under the conformal transformations. This problem has previously been investigated in terms of the covariant…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2018-03-14 Yunlong Zheng , Yicen Mou , Haomin Rao , Mingzhe Li

No. It is simply not plausible that cosmic acceleration could arise within the context of general relativity from a back-reaction effect of inhomogeneities in our universe, without the presence of a cosmological constant or ``dark energy.''…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2009-11-11 Akihiro Ishibashi , Robert M. Wald

The conventional cosmological perturbation theory has been performed under the assumption that we know the whole spatial region of the universe with infinite volume. This is, however, not the case in the actual observations because…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2015-05-27 Takahiro Tanaka , Yuko Urakawa

I briefly outline a new physical interpretation to the average cosmological parameters for an inhomogeneous universe with backreaction. The variance in local geometry and gravitational energy between ideal isotropic observers in bound…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2009-12-31 David L. Wiltshire

One of the biggest mysteries in cosmology is Dark Energy, which is required to explain the accelerated expansion of the universe within the standard model. But maybe one can explain the observations without introducing new physics, by…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2012-11-09 Christoph Saulder , Steffen Mieske , Werner W. Zeilinger

In this paper we contrasted two cosmological perturbation theory formalisms, the 1+3 covariant gauge invariant and the gauge invariant by comparing their gauge invariant variables associated with magnetic field defined in each approach. In…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2015-11-20 Hector J. Hortua , Leonardo Castañeda

We investigate the observational tests of generalized mass-to-horizon entropic cosmology by incorporating large-scale structure growth data in addition to purely geometric probes. The theoretical framework is constructed from a generalized…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2026-03-09 Tomasz Denkiewicz , Hussain Gohar

To numerically evolve the full Einstein equations (or modifications thereof), simulations of cosmological spacetimes must rely on a particular formulation of the field equations combined with a specific gauge/frame choice. Yet truly…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2023-06-30 Anna Ijjas

The averaging problem in general relativity is briefly discussed. A new setting of the problem as that of macroscopic description of gravitation is proposed. A covariant space-time averaging procedure is described. The structure of the…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2007-05-23 Roustam M. Zalaletdinov

The ghost-free theory of massive gravity with two dynamical metrics has been shown to produce viable cosmological expansion, where the late-time acceleration of the Universe is due to the finite range of the gravitational interaction rather…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2014-10-29 Adam R. Solomon , Yashar Akrami , Tomi S. Koivisto

We revise the statistical properties of the primordial cosmological density anisotropies that, at the time of matter radiation equality, seeded the gravitational development of large scale structures in the, otherwise, homogeneous and…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2008-11-26 David H. Oaknin

Investigations of the dynamic modes of the Poincare gauge theory of gravity found only two good propagating torsion modes; they are effectively a scalar and a pseudoscalar. Cosmology affords a natural situation where one might see…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2008-12-18 Kun-Feng Shie , James M. Nester , Hwei-Jang Yo

Cosmology is built on a relativistic understanding of gravity, where the geometry of the Universe is dynamically determined by matter and energy. In the cosmological concordance model, gravity is described by General Relativity, and it is…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2024-07-26 Theodore Anton