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Related papers: Causal Fair Metric: Bridging Causality, Individual…

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The seminal work of Dwork {\em et al.} [ITCS 2012] introduced a metric-based notion of individual fairness. Given a task-specific similarity metric, their notion required that every pair of similar individuals should be treated similarly.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-07-03 Guy N. Rothblum , Gal Yona

A typical problem in causal modeling is the instability of model structure learning, i.e., small changes in finite data can result in completely different optimal models. The present work introduces a novel causal modeling algorithm for…

Predictive student models are increasingly used in learning environments due to their ability to enhance educational outcomes and support stakeholders in making informed decisions. However, predictive models can be biased and produce unfair…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-07-24 Mélina Verger , Sébastien Lallé , François Bouchet , Vanda Luengo

Causality plays a pivotal role in various fields of study. Based on the framework of causal graphical models, previous works have proposed identifying whether a variable is a cause or non-cause of a target in every Markov equivalent graph…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2024-08-16 Qingyuan Zheng , Yue Liu , Yangbo He

Unfair predictions of machine learning (ML) models impede their broad acceptance in real-world settings. Tackling this arduous challenge first necessitates defining what it means for an ML model to be fair. This has been addressed by the ML…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-08-30 Selim Kuzucu , Jiaee Cheong , Hatice Gunes , Sinan Kalkan

Accurately measuring discrimination in machine learning-based automated decision systems is required to address the vital issue of fairness between subpopulations and/or individuals. Any bias in measuring discrimination can lead to either…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-10-23 Rūta Binkytė , Sami Zhioua , Yassine Turki

The rapid trend of deploying artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) systems in socially consequential domains has raised growing concerns about their trustworthiness, including potential discriminatory behaviours. Research…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-22 Yijun Bian , Lei You , Yuya Sasaki , Haruka Maeda , Akira Igarashi

Algorithmic decision making systems are ubiquitous across a wide variety of online as well as offline services. These systems rely on complex learning methods and vast amounts of data to optimize the service functionality, satisfaction of…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2017-03-27 Muhammad Bilal Zafar , Isabel Valera , Manuel Gomez Rodriguez , Krishna P. Gummadi

We study the problem of formally verifying individual fairness of decision tree ensembles, as well as training tree models which maximize both accuracy and individual fairness. In our approach, fairness verification and fairness-aware…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-01-05 Francesco Ranzato , Caterina Urban , Marco Zanella

While data-driven predictive models are a strictly technological construct, they may operate within a social context in which benign engineering choices entail implicit, indirect and unexpected real-life consequences. Fairness of such…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-07-11 Kacper Sokol , Meelis Kull , Jeffrey Chan , Flora Salim

A fundamental challenge in causal inference with observational data is correct specification of a causal model. When there is model uncertainty, analysts may seek to use estimates from multiple candidate models that rely on distinct, and…

Methodology · Statistics 2026-03-03 Rohit Bhattacharya , Ina Ocelli , Ted Westling

Machine learning (ML) systems are utilized in critical sectors, such as healthcare, law enforcement, and finance. However, these systems are often trained on historical data that contains demographic biases, leading to ML decisions that…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-10 Jake Robertson , Noah Hollmann , Samuel Müller , Noor Awad , Frank Hutter

Causal Neural Network models have shown high levels of robustness to adversarial attacks as well as an increased capacity for generalisation tasks such as few-shot learning and rare-context classification compared to traditional Neural…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-08-22 Preben M. Ness , Dusica Marijan , Sunanda Bose

In this paper we look at popular fairness methods that use causal counterfactuals. These methods capture the intuitive notion that a prediction is fair if it coincides with the prediction that would have been made if someone's race, gender…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2022-12-12 Jake Fawkes , Robin Evans , Dino Sejdinovic

Causal fairness in databases is crucial to preventing biased and inaccurate outcomes in downstream tasks. While most prior work assumes a known causal model, recent efforts relax this assumption by enforcing additional constraints. However,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-27 Ying Zheng , Yangfan Jiang , Kian-Lee Tan

The deep integration of foundation models (FM) with federated learning (FL) enhances personalization and scalability for diverse downstream tasks, making it crucial in sensitive domains like healthcare. Achieving group fairness has become…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-24 Yuning Yang , Han Yu , Tianrun Gao , Xiaodong Xu , Guangyu Wang

Debate about fairness in machine learning has largely centered around competing definitions of what fairness or nondiscrimination between groups requires. However, little attention has been paid to what precisely a group is. Many recent…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2020-06-08 Lily Hu , Issa Kohler-Hausmann

Fair machine learning aims to mitigate the biases of model predictions against certain subpopulations regarding sensitive attributes such as race and gender. Among the many existing fairness notions, counterfactual fairness measures the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-01-12 Jing Ma , Ruocheng Guo , Mengting Wan , Longqi Yang , Aidong Zhang , Jundong Li

Model fairness is an essential element for Trustworthy AI. While many techniques for model fairness have been proposed, most of them assume that the training and deployment data distributions are identical, which is often not true in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-02-07 Yuji Roh , Kangwook Lee , Steven Euijong Whang , Changho Suh

In this work, we argue for the importance of causal reasoning in creating fair algorithms for decision making. We give a review of existing approaches to fairness, describe work in causality necessary for the understanding of causal…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2018-05-16 Joshua R. Loftus , Chris Russell , Matt J. Kusner , Ricardo Silva