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Solar flares are defined as outbursts on the surface of the Sun. They occur when energy accumulated in magnetic fields enclosing solar active regions (ARs) is abruptly expelled. Solar flares and associated coronal mass ejections are sources…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2025-02-24 Huseyin Cavus , Jason T. L. Wang , Teja P. S. Singampalli , Gani Caglar Coban , Hongyang Zhang , Abd-ur Raheem , Haimin Wang

We study the predictive capabilities of magnetic feature properties (MF) generated by Solar Monitor Active Region Tracker (SMART) for solar flare forecasting from two datasets: the full dataset of SMART detections from 1996 to 2010 that has…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2018-12-07 Katarina Domijan , D. Shaun Bloomfield , Francois Pitie

Solar flares are caused by magnetic eruptions in active regions (ARs) on the surface of the sun. These events can have significant impacts on human activity, many of which can be mitigated with enough advance warning from good forecasts. To…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2023-09-18 Varad Deshmukh , Thomas Berger , James Meiss , Elizabeth Bradley

We describe a new tool developed for solar flare forecasting on the base of some sunspot group properties. Assuming that the flare frequency follows the Poisson statistics, this tool uses a database containing the morphological…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2019-05-16 M. Falco , P. Costa , P. Romano

We conduct a post hoc analysis of solar flare predictions made by a Long Short Term Memory (LSTM) model employing data in the form of Space-weather HMI Active Region Patches (SHARP) parameters calculated from data in proximity to the…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2020-03-11 Hu Sun , Ward Manchester , Zhenbang Jiao , Xiantong Wang , Yang Chen

Solar flares are extremely energetic phenomena in our Solar System. Their impulsive, often drastic radiative increases, in particular at short wavelengths, bring immediate impacts that motivate solar physics and space weather research to…

The Space-Weather ANalytics for Solar Flares (SWAN-SF) is a multivariate time series benchmark dataset recently created to serve the heliophysics community as a testbed for solar flare forecasting models. SWAN-SF contains 54 unique…

We present a case study of solar flare forecasting by means of metadata feature time series, by treating it as a prominent class-imbalance and temporally coherent problem. Taking full advantage of pre-flare time series in solar active…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2021-05-26 Azim Ahmadzadeh , Berkay Aydin , Manolis K. Georgoulis , Dustin J. Kempton , Sushant S. Mahajan , Rafal A. Angryk

This study progresses solar flare prediction research by presenting a full-disk deep-learning model to forecast $\geq$M-class solar flares and evaluating its efficacy on both central (within $\pm$70$^\circ$) and near-limb (beyond…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2023-08-31 Chetraj Pandey , Anli Ji , Trisha Nandakumar , Rafal A. Angryk , Berkay Aydin

Ways to give medium- and short-term predictions of solar flares are proposed according to the statistical analysis of events during solar cycle 23. On one hand, the time distribution of both C and M class flares shows two main periods of…

Astrophysics · Physics 2008-11-17 Z. Q. Qu

Solar flares are a primary driver of space weather, and forecasting their occurrence remains a significant challenge. This paper presents a novel flare prediction model based on topologically derived photospheric magnetic parameters. We…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2025-12-18 Thomas Williams , Christopher B. Prior , David MacTaggart , D. Shaun Bloomfield

We developed a reliable probabilistic solar flare forecasting model using a deep neural network, named Deep Flare Net-Reliable (DeFN-R). The model can predict the maximum classes of flares that occur in the following 24 h after observing…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2020-09-02 Naoto Nishizuka , Yûki Kubo , Komei Sugiura , Mitsue Den , Mamoru Ishii

In this paper, we introduce a novel methodology for leveraging shape-based characteristics of magnetograms of active region (AR) patches and provide a novel capability for predicting solar flares covering the entirety of the solar disk (AR…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-06-18 Chetraj Pandey , Temitope Adeyeha , Jinsu Hong , Rafal A. Angryk , Berkay Aydin

Solar flare forecasting can be realized by means of the analysis of magnetic data through artificial intelligence techniques. The aim is to predict whether a magnetic active region (AR) will originate solar flares above a certain class…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2022-06-29 Sabrina Guastavino , Francesco Marchetti , Federico Benvenuto , Cristina Campi , Michele Piana

Of all the activity observed on the Sun, two of the most energetic events are flares and Coronal Mass Ejections (CMEs). Usually, solar active regions that produce large flares will also produce a CME, but this is not always true (Yashiro et…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2016-04-25 Monica G. Bobra , Stathis Ilonidis

Large scale solar eruptions significantly impact space weather and damages space-based human infrastructures. It is necessary to predict large scale solar eruptions, which will enable us to protect our vulnerable infrastructures of modern…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2020-07-08 Soumitra Hazra , Gopal Sardar , Partha Choudhuri

We present several methods towards construction of precursors, which show great promise towards early predictions, of solar flare events in this paper. A data pre-processing pipeline is built to extract useful data from multiple sources,…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2020-01-08 Yang Chen , Ward B. Manchester , Alfred O. Hero , Gabor Toth , Benoit DuFumier , Tian Zhou , Xiantong Wang , Haonan Zhu , Zeyu Sun , Tamas I. Gombosi

This study explores the behavior of machine learning-based flare forecasting models deployed in a simulated operational environment. Using Georgia State University's Space Weather Analytics for Solar Flares benchmark dataset (Angryk et al.…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2024-02-09 Griffin T. Goodwin , Viacheslav M. Sadykov , Petrus C. Martens

We investigate the use of Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) and Decomposition-LSTM (DLSTM) networks, combined with an ensemble algorithm, to predict solar flare occurrences using time-series data from the GOES catalog. The dataset spans from…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-18 Zeinab Hassani , Davud Mohammadpur , Hossein Safari

High energy solar flares and coronal mass ejections have the potential to destroy Earth's ground and satellite infrastructures, causing trillions of dollars in damage and mass human suffering. Destruction of these critical systems would…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-10-18 Erik Larsen