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Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly deployed across diverse real-world applications and user communities. As such, it is crucial that these models remain both morally grounded and knowledge-aware. In this work, we uncover a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-11 Saugata Purkayastha , Pranav Kushare , Pragya Paramita Pal , Sukannya Purkayastha

As humans, we can modify our assumptions about a scene by imagining alternative objects or concepts in our minds. For example, we can easily anticipate the implications of the sun being overcast by rain clouds (e.g., the street will get…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-07-11 Hyounghun Kim , Abhay Zala , Mohit Bansal

Large Vision-Language Models (LVLMs) have achieved remarkable proficiency in explicit visual recognition, effectively describing what is directly visible in an image. However, a critical cognitive gap emerges when the visual input serves…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-03 Seyed Amir Kasaei , Arash Marioriyad , Mahbod Khaleti , MohammadAmin Fazli , Mahdieh Soleymani Baghshah , Mohammad Hossein Rohban

Pre-trained models (PTMs) have lead to great improvements in natural language generation (NLG). However, it is still unclear how much commonsense knowledge they possess. With the goal of evaluating commonsense knowledge of NLG models,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-05-27 Chao Zhao , Faeze Brahman , Tenghao Huang , Snigdha Chaturvedi

Achieving human-like perception and reasoning in Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) remains a central challenge in artificial intelligence. While recent research has primarily focused on enhancing reasoning capabilities in MLLMs, a…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-07-24 Hongcheng Gao , Zihao Huang , Lin Xu , Jingyi Tang , Xinhao Li , Yue Liu , Haoyang Li , Taihang Hu , Minhua Lin , Xinlong Yang , Ge Wu , Balong Bi , Hongyu Chen , Wentao Zhang

Recent success of pre-trained language models (LMs) has spurred widespread interest in the language capabilities that they possess. However, efforts to understand whether LM representations are useful for symbolic reasoning tasks have been…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-11-20 Alon Talmor , Yanai Elazar , Yoav Goldberg , Jonathan Berant

Vision-Language Models (VLMs) have demonstrated remarkable performance across a variety of real-world tasks. However, existing VLMs typically process visual information by serializing images, a method that diverges significantly from the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-10 Yueyan Li , Chenggong Zhao , Zeyuan Zang , Caixia Yuan , Xiaojie Wang

Vision-language models (VLMs) work well in tasks ranging from image captioning to visual question answering (VQA), yet they struggle with spatial reasoning, a key skill for understanding our physical world that humans excel at. We find that…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-04-30 Michael Ogezi , Freda Shi

Humans naturally interpret numbers non-literally, effortlessly combining context, world knowledge, and speaker intent. We investigate whether large language models (LLMs) interpret numbers similarly, focusing on hyperbole and pragmatic halo…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-03 Polina Tsvilodub , Kanishk Gandhi , Haoran Zhao , Jan-Philipp Fränken , Michael Franke , Noah D. Goodman

Achieving human-like reasoning in deep learning models for complex tasks in unknown environments remains a critical challenge in embodied intelligence. While advanced vision-language models (VLMs) excel in static scene understanding, their…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-09-03 Jinzhou Tang , Jusheng zhang , Sidi Liu , Waikit Xiu , Qinhan Lv , Xiying Li

Reinforcement Learning has significantly advanced the reasoning capabilities of Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs), yet the resulting policies remain brittle against real-world visual degradations such as blur, compression artifacts,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Rui Liu , Dian Yu , Haolin Liu , Yucheng Shi , Tong Zheng , Runpeng Dai , Haitao Mi , Pratap Tokekar , Leoweiliang

Large language models (LLMs) have shown significant general language understanding abilities. However, there has been a scarcity of attempts to assess the logical reasoning capacities of these LLMs, an essential facet of natural language…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-22 Hanmeng liu , Zhiyang Teng , Ruoxi Ning , Yiran Ding , Xiulai Li , Xiaozhang Liu , Yue Zhang

Humans can infer the affordance of objects by extracting related contextual preconditions for each scenario. For example, upon seeing an image of a broken cup, we can infer that this precondition prevents the cup from being used for…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-06-06 Ehsan Qasemi , Amani R. Maina-Kilaas , Devadutta Dash , Khalid Alsaggaf , Muhao Chen

People often use visualizations not only to explore a dataset but also to draw generalizable conclusions about underlying models or phenomena. While previous research has viewed deviations from rational analysis as problematic, we…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2024-11-20 Ratanond Koonchanok , Khairi Reda

Vision (image and video) - Language (VL) pre-training is the recent popular paradigm that achieved state-of-the-art results on multi-modal tasks like image-retrieval, video-retrieval, visual question answering etc. These models are trained…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-04-18 Avinash Madasu , Vasudev Lal

Vision language models (VLMs) are designed to extract relevant visuospatial information from images. Some research suggests that VLMs can exhibit humanlike scene understanding, while other investigations reveal difficulties in their ability…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-04-23 Sangeet Khemlani , Tyler Tran , Nathaniel Gyory , Anthony M. Harrison , Wallace E. Lawson , Ravenna Thielstrom , Hunter Thompson , Taaren Singh , J. Gregory Trafton

Recent advancements in reasoning-reinforced Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown remarkable capabilities in complex reasoning tasks. However, the mechanism underlying their utilization of different human reasoning skills remains poorly…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-15 Nghia Trung Ngo , Franck Dernoncourt , Thien Huu Nguyen

Visual question answering requires high-order reasoning about an image, which is a fundamental capability needed by machine systems to follow complex directives. Recently, modular networks have been shown to be an effective framework for…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2019-01-24 David Mascharka , Philip Tran , Ryan Soklaski , Arjun Majumdar

A central challenge in explainable AI, particularly in the visual domain, is producing explanations grounded in human-understandable concepts. To tackle this, we introduce OCEAN (Object-Centric Explananda via Agent Negotiation), a novel,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-09-30 Benjamin Teoh , Ben Glocker , Francesca Toni , Avinash Kori

Formal logic enables computers to reason in natural language by representing sentences in symbolic forms and applying rules to derive conclusions. However, in what our study characterizes as "rulebreaker" scenarios, this method can lead to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-18 Jason Chan , Robert Gaizauskas , Zhixue Zhao