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Quantum computing is an exciting non-Von Neumann paradigm, offering provable speedups over classical computing for specific problems. However, the practical limits of classical simulatability for quantum circuits remain unclear, especially…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-02-17 Haoran Wang , Pingzhi Li , Min Chen , Jinglei Cheng , Junyu Liu , Tianlong Chen

In this tutorial I will present how a combination of linear and dependent type can be useful to describe different properties about higher order programs. Linear types have been proved particularly useful to express properties of functions;…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2013-07-01 Marco Gaboardi

We present VOQC, the first fully verified optimizer for quantum circuits, written using the Coq proof assistant. Quantum circuits are expressed as programs in a simple, low-level language called SQIR, a simple quantum intermediate…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2020-11-16 Kesha Hietala , Robert Rand , Shih-Han Hung , Xiaodi Wu , Michael Hicks

Unlike most classical algorithms that take an input and give the solution directly as an output, quantum algorithms produce a quantum circuit that works as an indirect solution to computationally hard problems. In the full quantum computing…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-05-22 Yikai Mao , Shaswot Shresthamali , Masaaki Kondo

Quantum computation constitutes a rapidly expanding subfield of computer science. Development quantum algorithms is facilitated by the availability of efficient quantum programming languages, and a plethora of approaches has been already…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-03-19 Arnab Chakraborty

In this work we present a mapping from a fragment of the quantum programming language Quipper, called Quip-E, to the semantics of the QPMC model checker, aiming at the automatic verification of quantum programs. As a main outcome, we define…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-06-05 Linda Anticoli , Leonardo Taglialegne

Quantum computing has become a promising computing approach because of its capability to solve certain problems, exponentially faster than classical computers. A $n$-qubit quantum system is capable of providing $2^{n}$ computational space…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-09-13 Saikat Basu , Amit Saha , Amlan Chakrabarti , Susmita Sur-Kolay

Quantum computing exploits quantum phenomena such as superposition and entanglement to realize a form of parallelism that is not available to traditional computing. It offers the potential of significant computational speed-ups in quantum…

Understanding the high-level conceptual structure of quantum algorithms from their low-level circuit representations is a critical task for verification, debugging, and education. While traditional numerical simulators can calculate output…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-03-31 Min Chen , Jinglei Cheng , Pingzhi Li , Haoran Wang , Tianlong Chen , Junyu Liu

The paper extends the expectation transformer based analysis of higher-order probabilistic programs to the quantum higher-order setting. The quantum language we are considering can be seen as an extension of PCF, featuring unbounded…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2026-01-26 Martin Avanzini , Alejandro Díaz-Caro , Emmanuel Hainry , Romain Péchoux

It is becoming increasingly clear that, if a useful device for quantum computation will ever be built, it will be embodied by a classical computing machine with control over a truly quantum subsystem, this apparatus performing a mixture of…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2009-11-07 S. Bettelli , L. Serafini , T. Calarco

The expressiveness of quantum programming languages plays a crucial role in the efficient and comprehensible representation of quantum algorithms. Unlike classical programming languages, which offer mature and well-defined abstraction…

Parameterized quantum circuits play an essential role in the performance of many variational hybrid quantum-classical (HQC) algorithms. One challenge in implementing such algorithms is to choose an effective circuit that well represents the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-01-15 Sukin Sim , Peter D. Johnson , Alan Aspuru-Guzik

Simulating response properties of molecules is crucial for interpreting experimental spectroscopies and accelerating materials design. However, it remains a long-standing computational challenge for electronic structure methods on classical…

The widely held belief that BQP strictly contains BPP raises fundamental questions: Upcoming generations of quantum computers might already be too large to be simulated classically. Is it possible to experimentally test that these systems…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2008-11-18 Dorit Aharonov , Michael Ben-Or , Elad Eban

Parameterized Quantum Circuits (PQCs) are essential to quantum machine learning and optimization algorithms. The expressibility of PQCs, which measures their ability to represent a wide range of quantum states, is a critical factor…

Large language models (LLMs) can generate structured artifacts, but using them as dependable optimizers for scientific design requires a mechanism for iterative improvement under black-box evaluation. Here, we cast quantum circuit synthesis…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-02-13 Adriano Macarone-Palmieri , Rosario Lo Franco

A central challenge for the scaling of quantum computing systems is the need to control all qubits in the system without a large overhead. A solution for this problem in classical computing comes in the form of so called crossbar…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-03-28 Jonas Helsen , Mark Steudtner , Menno Veldhorst , Stephanie Wehner

We introduce a hybrid quantum-classical deep learning architecture for large language model fine-tuning. The classical portion of the architecture is a sentence transformer that is powerful enough to display significant accuracy for complex…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-04-14 Sang Hyub Kim , Jonathan Mei , Claudio Girotto , Masako Yamada , Martin Roetteler

We introduce CircuitQ, an open-source toolbox for the analysis of superconducting circuits implemented in Python. It features the automated construction of a symbolic Hamiltonian of the input circuit and a dynamic numerical representation…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-09-29 Philipp Aumann , Tim Menke , William D. Oliver , Wolfgang Lechner