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We study an online learning problem with multiple correct answers, where each instance admits a set of valid labels, and in each round the learner must output a valid label for the queried example. This setting is motivated by language…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-11 Alireza F. Pour , Farnam Mansouri , Shai Ben-David

This paper studies an online learning problem that seeks optimal testing policies for a stream of subjects, each of whom can be evaluated through a sequence of candidate tests drawn from a common pool. We refer to this problem as the Online…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-05 Qiyuan Chen , Raed Al Kontar

Consider the task of learning a hypothesis class $\mathcal{H}$ in the presence of an adversary that can replace up to an $\eta$ fraction of the examples in the training set with arbitrary adversarial examples. The adversary aims to fail the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-10-13 Steve Hanneke , Amin Karbasi , Mohammad Mahmoody , Idan Mehalel , Shay Moran

Algorithmic decision-making in high-stakes domains often involves assigning decisions to agents with incentives to strategically modify their input to the algorithm. In addition to dealing with incentives, in many domains of interest (e.g.…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2023-10-31 Keegan Harris , Chara Podimata , Zhiwei Steven Wu

Motivated by applications to resource-limited and safety-critical domains, we study selective classification in the online learning model, wherein a predictor may abstain from classifying an instance. For example, this may model an adaptive…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-10-28 Aditya Gangrade , Anil Kag , Ashok Cutkosky , Venkatesh Saligrama

Models often need to be constrained to a certain size for them to be considered interpretable. For example, a decision tree of depth 5 is much easier to understand than one of depth 50. Limiting model size, however, often reduces accuracy.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-07-02 Abhishek Ghose , Balaraman Ravindran

We consider the problem of online combinatorial optimization under semi-bandit feedback, where a learner has to repeatedly pick actions from a combinatorial decision set in order to minimize the total losses associated with its decisions.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2015-06-11 Gergely Neu

We consider the problem of learning an unknown subset $N_\text{target}$ of a domain in an online setting. In each round $t$, the learner predicts a set of items ${N}_t$ and receives one of two types of feedback, each with equal probability:…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Lee Cohen , Yishay Mansour , Shay Moran , Han Shao

Agnostic online learning is classically solved via a reduction to the realizable setting, utilizing Littlestone's Standard Optimal Algorithm (SOA) as a base learner. However, the SOA is computationally intractable to execute even for a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-11 Idan Attias , Steve Hanneke , Arvind Ramaswami

We study online learning in the adversarial injection model introduced by [Goel et al. 2017], where a stream of labeled examples is predominantly drawn i.i.d.\ from an unknown distribution $\mathcal{D}$, but may be interspersed with…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-24 Ezra Edelman , Surbhi Goel

We study an extension of active learning in which the learning algorithm may ask the annotator to compare the distances of two examples from the boundary of their label-class. For example, in a recommendation system application (say for…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2017-06-05 Daniel M. Kane , Shachar Lovett , Shay Moran , Jiapeng Zhang

Motivated by the predictable nature of real-life in data streams, we study online regression when the learner has access to predictions about future examples. In the extreme case, called transductive online learning, the sequence of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-07 Vinod Raman , Shenghao Xie , Samson Zhou

Realizable online regression can behave very differently from online classification. Even without any margin or stochastic assumptions, realizability may enforce horizon-free (finite) cumulative loss under metric-like losses, even when the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-24 Ilan Doron-Arad , Idan Mehalel , Elchanan Mossel

In many learning theory problems, a central role is played by a hypothesis class: we might assume that the data is labeled according to a hypothesis in the class (usually referred to as the realizable setting), or we might evaluate the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-11-17 Lunjia Hu , Charlotte Peale

In combinatorial semi-bandits, a learner repeatedly selects from a combinatorial decision set of arms, receives the realized sum of rewards, and observes the rewards of the individual selected arms as feedback. In this paper, we extend this…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-17 Yuxiao Wen

Learning theory has largely focused on two main learning scenarios. The first is the classical statistical setting where instances are drawn i.i.d. from a fixed distribution and the second scenario is the online learning, completely…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2011-04-28 Alexander Rakhlin , Karthik Sridharan , Ambuj Tewari

We consider online and PAC learning of Littlestone classes subject to the constraint of approximate differential privacy. Our main result is a private learner to online-learn a Littlestone class with a mistake bound of…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-10-02 Xin Lyu

We study online and transductive online learning when the learner interacts with the concept class only via Empirical Risk Minimization (ERM) or weak consistency oracles on arbitrary instance subsets. This contrasts with standard online…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-03 Idan Attias , Steve Hanneke , Arvind Ramaswami

We consider a setting where a system learns to rank a fixed set of $m$ items. The goal is produce good item rankings for users with diverse interests who interact online with the system for $T$ rounds. We consider a novel top-$1$ feedback…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2016-08-24 Sougata Chaudhuri , Ambuj Tewari

In this paper, we study the role of feedback in online learning with switching costs. It has been shown that the minimax regret is $\widetilde{\Theta}(T^{2/3})$ under bandit feedback and improves to $\widetilde{\Theta}(\sqrt{T})$ under…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-06-19 Duo Cheng , Xingyu Zhou , Bo Ji