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Classical shadow tomography serves as a potent tool for extracting numerous properties from quantum many-body systems with minimal measurements. Nevertheless, prevailing methods yielding optimal performance for few-body operators…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-09-11 Tian-Gang Zhou , Pengfei Zhang

Quantum computing carries significant potential for addressing practical problems. However, currently available quantum devices suffer from noisy quantum gates, which degrade the fidelity of executed quantum circuits. Therefore, quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-02-25 Ji Liu , Alvin Gonzales , Benchen Huang , Zain Hamid Saleem , Paul Hovland

Mid-circuit measurements (MCMs) are crucial ingredients in the development of fault-tolerant quantum computation. While there have been rapid experimental progresses in realizing MCMs, a systematic method for characterizing noisy MCMs is…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-01-24 Zhihan Zhang , Senrui Chen , Yunchao Liu , Liang Jiang

Characterising quantum processes is a key task in and constitutes a challenge for the development of quantum technologies, especially at the noisy intermediate scale of today's devices. One method for characterising processes is randomised…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-10-31 Ingo Roth , Richard Kueng , Shelby Kimmel , Yi-Kai Liu , David Gross , Jens Eisert , Martin Kliesch

Quantum state tomography is a fundamental task in quantum information science, enabling detailed characterization of correlations, entanglement, and electronic structure in quantum systems. However, its exponential measurement and…

We describe a new shadow tomography algorithm that uses $n=\Theta(\sqrt{m}\log m/\epsilon^2)$ samples, for $m$ measurements and additive error $\epsilon$, which is independent of the dimension of the quantum state being learned. This stands…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-11-05 Pulkit Sinha

We introduce a low-overhead approach for detecting errors in arbitrary Clifford circuits on arbitrary qubit connectivities. Our method is based on the framework of spacetime codes, and is particularly suited to near-term hardware since it…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-04-23 Simon Martiel , Ali Javadi-Abhari

Recently, various quantum computing and communication tasks have been implemented using IBM's superconductivity-based quantum computers which are available on the cloud. Here, we show that the circuits used in most of those works were not…

We provide and experimentally demonstrate an accreditation protocol that upper-bounds the variation distance between noisy and noiseless probability distributions of the outputs of arbitrary quantum computations. We accredit the outputs of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-10-13 Samuele Ferracin , Seth T. Merkel , David McKay , Animesh Datta

The paradigm of measurement-based quantum computing (MBQC) starts from a highly entangled resource state on which unitary operations are executed through adaptive measurements and corrections ensuring determinism. This is set in contrast to…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-11-29 Thierry Nicolas Kaldenbach , Matthias Heller

The vast and complicated large-qubit state space forbids us to comprehensively capture the dynamics of modern quantum computers via classical simulations or quantum tomography. Recent progress in quantum learning theory prompts a crucial…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-09-22 Yuxuan Du , Min-Hsiu Hsieh , Dacheng Tao

Quantum process tomography is a powerful tool for understanding quantum channels and characterizing properties of quantum devices. Inspired by recent advances using classical shadows in quantum state tomography [H.-Y. Huang, R. Kueng, and…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-02-12 Ryan Levy , Di Luo , Bryan K. Clark

Shadow estimation provides an efficient framework for estimating observable expectation values using randomized measurements. While originally developed for discrete-variable systems, its recent extensions to continuous-variable (CV)…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-12-16 Ruyu Yang , Xiaoming Sun , Hongyi Zhou

Expectation values of observables are routinely estimated using so-called classical shadows$\unicode{x2014}$the outcomes of randomized bases measurements on a repeatedly prepared quantum state. In order to trust the accuracy of shadow…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-03-07 Raphael Brieger , Markus Heinrich , Ingo Roth , Martin Kliesch

Randomized benchmarking is a widely used experimental technique to characterize the average error of quantum operations. Benchmarking procedures that scale to enable characterization of $n$-qubit circuits rely on efficient procedures for…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2016-05-20 Andrew W. Cross , Easwar Magesan , Lev S. Bishop , John A. Smolin , Jay M. Gambetta

Achieving chemical accuracy with shallow quantum circuits is a significant challenge in quantum computational chemistry, particularly for near-term quantum devices. In this work, we present a Clifford-based Hamiltonian engineering…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-01-09 Jiace Sun , Lixue Cheng , Weitang Li

Quantum Monte Carlo (QMC) methods are powerful approaches for solving electronic structure problems. Although they often provide high-accuracy solutions, the precision of most QMC methods is ultimately limited by a trial wave function that…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-03-13 Nick S. Blunt , Laura Caune , Javiera Quiroz-Fernandez

Clifford group lies at the core of quantum computation -- it underlies quantum error correction, its elements can be used to perform magic state distillation and they form randomized benchmarking protocols, Clifford group is used to study…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-08-26 Sergey Bravyi , Joseph A. Latone , Dmitri Maslov

Quantum error mitigation is a promising route to achieving quantum utility, and potentially quantum advantage in the near-term. Many state-of-the-art error mitigation schemes use knowledge of the errors in the quantum processor, which opens…

Shadow tomography via classical shadows is a state-of-the-art approach for estimating properties of a quantum state. We present a simplified, combinatorial analysis of a recently proposed instantiation of this approach based on the ensemble…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-08-01 Bryan O'Gorman